Please reply with one reference to the following post:

Week 1 Discussion

Nursing revolves around the patient, the nurse, the patient’s health, and the environment. Therefore, these four concepts are known as the metaparadigms of nursing. There are many additional concepts that come to mind when I think of nursing. As a registered nurse, I feel as if collaboration and advocacy are two additional concepts that are relevant to my personal practice.

Collaboration is defined as “working with others in a way that promotes/encourages each person’s contributions toward achieving optimal/realistic patient/family goals” (Butts & Rich, 2018). In my opinion, working in the healthcare field truly requires amazing teamwork. A patient cannot heal purely by the medications the nurse gives them every morning. They must walk with physical therapy to get stronger, they must get their breathing treatments from the respiratory therapist, their labs have to be drawn by the phlebotomist, the radiologists must read their x-rays, and the physician must speak to/evaluate the patient each day to ensure that his/her goals are being met. Thankfully, I work in an environment where collaboration is welcomed. As the nurse, physicians often ask my opinion, as I have a closer relationship to the patient. Collaboration is most successful when there is active communication regarding patient care, and the correct resources are used to optimize patient outcomes (Butts & Rich, 2018).

Advocacy is the second concept that I feel is relevant to my personal practice. According to Butts and Rich (2018), advocacy is defined as “working on another’s behalf and representing the concerns of the patient/family and nursing staff.” On a daily basis, I find myself advocating for my patients. I do this by keeping the entire healthcare team informed, providing assistance or getting them in touch with the correct people to get them assistance, and providing professional nursing care. Working on an orthopedic unit, I most often find myself advocating for my patient regarding their pain. As nurses, we are taught that “pain is what the patient says it is.” If I feel as if my patient does not have adequate pain control, I am quick to call the physician. By advocating for my patients, I want to ensure that they get the proper care to optimize their health and outcomes.

Reference

                Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2018). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice (3rd ed.).

What is Fascism

“Fascism is a new type of mass, right-wing political movement created by Benito Mussolini in 1919, who ruled Italy between 1922 and 1943” (Shubert, Goldstein, 2012).

Discuss the role of fascism in the interwar period/What were the driving forces that accounted for the rise of fascism during the interwar period in Europe

Fascism started in 1919 in Italy by a man named Benito Mussolini. Between 1918 and 1920 Italy was given the nick name the two red years. Mussolini held this position in power until 1943. “Italy’s Fascist regime ended on 25 July 1943, when Benito Mussolini was arrested on order of the king, Victor Emmanuel III” (Foot, 2018).

This is because there were working class protests, factory sit-ins, and peasant discontent. Many Italians feared there would end up being a revolution if things did not get fixed. Mussolini then came up and he had been leading the PSI party until he was kicked out in 1914. That is when he organized a fascist group which soon took rein in Italy. This group challenged many traditional ways such as socialism, communism, and strikers. By the year 1922 the fascist groups had silenced most of these groups and many feel these groups saved the country.

What characteristics distinguished fascist states from merely authoritarian regimes

There are many different characteristics to fascism and those can be nationalism, and that is because fascism supports a very strong liking to patriotism and countries providing for themselves. Other characteristics are lack of recognition of human rights, supremacy for military, uncontrolled sexism, intertwined government and religion, and controlled mass media. In fascism the government’s power is unlimited and is used to control public and private life. This include political, financial, morals, and beliefs. In authoritarianism there is a strong central government, but it allows its citizens a small limited amount of freedom.

Why did the average person allow fascism to take hold 

In many cases after the war nationalism started to take effect on most countries. Italy was on the verge of collapse due to many different things such as factory sit-ins and working-class protests. Many feared that Italy was about to have a revolution by the working-class like Russia had done just years before. Therefore, Mussolini used this to his advantage and many Italians felts like this was the way to restore and expand Italian territories. This was their way of being superior leaders to the rest of the world and gain power and rein back to what they had prewar. Many also allowed this to happen because they were scared Italy was going to be over taken by a stronger power and they didn’t want it to decay under the hands of another country. They also hoped it would help resolve class conflict between employer and employee.

Foot, J. (2018). Forgetting Fascism. History Today, 68(8), 8–11. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130528113&site=eds-live&scope=site (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Shubert, A. & Goldstein, R.J. (2012). Twentieth-century Europe [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ 

There are certain big questions that philosophers have been puzzling over for millennia. Amazingly, many people ask these same questions in daily life. Reflect on the questions related to each of the six branches of philosophy below. Then, write 2–3 paragraphs describing a time in your life when you have asked similar questions. Talk about the specific circumstances that brought you to each question, and what conclusions you came to. The questions are as follows:

Metaphysics:

• What is real?
• Is the physical world more or less real than the spiritual or psychological world?
• Is there such a thing as a soul? And if so, how does it survive outside of a physical body?
• Do all people have free will, or are lives determined by fate?

Epistemology:

• How is anything known?
• What is the basis for knowledge? Is it innate reason, experience, or something else?
• Is all knowledge subjective, or are there some universal truths?
• What is the relationship between faith and reason?
• What can artificial intelligence teach people about knowledge?
• What are the limits of human understanding?

Ethics:

• What is the right thing to do?
• What does it mean to be a good person?
• Does virtue lead to happiness?
• Do the ends justify the means, or is a virtuous action virtuous in and of itself?
• How does living in a society affect morality?
• Is morality culturally based, individually based, or is there a universal morality?

Aesthetics:

• What is beautiful?
• Is beauty truly in the eye of the beholder, or are there some things that all cultures find beautiful?
• What is the purpose of art?
• How can a piece of art be successful or valuable? Does beauty matter?

Political philosophy:

• What is the best kind of government?
• How much power should the government have?
• What kind of people should be in power?
• How involved should the common citizen be in government?

Social philosophy:

• How should humans behave in a society?
• Do people give up certain rights when they choose to live in a society?
• How do social values affect individual beliefs? Do people behave differently in a crowd than they would individually?
• How does society affect language and other types of communication?

In APA format and reference page included.

Assignment 1: Discussion Questions Directions: Just One Questions    Discussion Question Response: By Saturday, September 24, 2016, post your response to the assigned discussion questions in the appropriate threads in theDiscussion Area. Participation Responses: No later than Wednesday, September 28, 2016, review and comment on the discussion question responses posted by at least two of your peers. Guidelines: Support your responses with scholarly academic references using APA style format. Assigned course readings and online library resources are preferred. Weekly lecture notes are designed as overviews to the topic for the respective week and should not serve as a citation or reference. In your discussion question response, provide a substantive response that illustrates a well-reasoned and thoughtful response; is factually correct with relevant scholarly citations,references, and examples that demonstrates a clear connection to the readings. In your participation responses to your peers, comments must demonstrate thorough analysis of postings and extends meaningful discussion by building on previous postings. Note: Review South University’s Substantive Participation Policy Criteria, Helpful Tips, and Late Policy available by clicking on the South University Policy and Guidelines navigation tab. The late policy applies to late discussion question responses. Grading Criteria Maximum Points Discussion Question Responses: Displays an understanding of the course materials and the underlying concept discussed. Includes course materials and additional scholarly resources to support important points. 15 Participation Responses: Displays an understanding of topic under discussion by affirming statements, asking a related question, or making an oppositional statement. Position must be supported with related evidence.  Responds to a minimum of two peers per question. 10 Professional Practice Connection: Demonstrates reflective thought pertaining to personal perspectives and professional development. Reflective statements include a theoretical rationale. 10 Quality of Academic Writing: Written responses are free of grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Citations and references are included and written in the correct APA Style. 10 Total: 45

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Choose a middle-range theory or grand theory that, in your opinion, can be applied to research. What are the assumptions underpinning this theory? Discuss how this theory finds application in research. 

Choose a middle-range theory or grand theory that, in your opinion, can be applied to practice. What are the assumptions underpinning this theory? Discuss how this theory finds application in your area of practice. 

Identify a situation or circumstance in your practice setting where a concept from a healthcare theory is manifested. Evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen theory in that situation or circumstance. How will you apply this theory in other areas of your practice? Discuss its relevance to research.