1. Carla Contractor Company contracts to build a house for Lisa for $500,000. The house is completed on time and is in conformity with contract specifications except that Carla’s workers forgot to put in Kohler plumbing fixtures in the master bathroom and instead mistakenly put in another slightly less expensive and not as prestigious brand. Otherwise the house is fine and is in conformity with the contract, but now Lisa refuses to pay for the construction of the house, saying the performance was defective due to the mistaken fixtures. What is the likely legal result of this dispute?

 a. Lisa is discharged from any and all contract responsibility and does not have to pay anything and can successfully sue Carla for breach of contract.

 b. Lisa can sue and prevail since under the Uniform Commercial Code Carla’s performance was not perfect.

c. Lisa must pay Carla the agreed upon contract price minus an amount to correct the defect since the “substantial performance” doctrine of the common law prevails.

d. Lisa can sue for “pain and suffering” damages since she was stressed out by the “inferior” plumbing fixtures.

 

2. At one time, Office Depot merged with Staples, leaving Office Max as a very small remaining competitor. This merger was deemed to be illegal pursuant to the Clayton Act because:

a. The market was defined broadly to include all stores that sell office supplies.

b. The market was defined narrowly to include just office supply “super-stores.”

c. There was the probability of a substantial lessening of competition in the market.

d. B and C.

 

3. Donnie makes an offer to Marie to sell his used racing bicycle for $200. Marie responds by saying “I accept at $150.” Donnie refuses and says the price is firm. Marie then says “OK, I accept at the original price.” However, Donnie sells the bike to a third party; whereupon Marie sues Donnie for breach of contract. Who is likely to prevail?

a. Marie since she accepted Donnie’s offer at $200.

 b. Marie since her initial response was merely an “invitation to offer.”

c. Donnie since his original offer was terminated by Marie’s counteroffer.

d. Donnie since the court would void the entire contract since $200 for even a used racing bike does not seem like a fair price.

 

 

4. Francis owns a small motel in Sugarloaf Key. She notices by means of public advertising that her competitors in Big Pine Key and Ramrod Key have extended by two weeks their “winter season” and thus their winter season higher rates. Francis also notices the “no vacancy” signs at her competitors’ motels. So, Francis decides to extend the winter season at her motel too. Francis has engaged:

 a. Illegal horizontal price-fixing by means of an express agreement.

b. Illegal horizontal price-fixing by means of an implied agreement

 c. Legal action by means of the doctrine of Conscious Parallelism

d. Legal action since anti-trust law does not apply to small motels, only large ones and hotels.

 

Complete this assignment and please cite this source at least three times: using APA format

 

 

 

 

 

Witt, J. (2015). SOC 2014 (3rd ed. update). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

During all of this turmoil, the first African American was elected President of the United States. Many changes have taken place since President Obama’s election and reelection to the White House. Few of these changes have been debated as much as the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

 

 

 

 

 

For this assignment, you will use your sociological imagination to ferret out some of the issues behind this debate.

 

 

 

 Go to the government healthcare website and find three facts about the ACA. List and describe each fact.

 

 

 

 Using your understanding of theory and the chart on page 17 of your textbook, explain how a functionalist, conflict theorist, and interactionist would explain the Affordable Care Act. Be sure to discuss the ACA in terms of each perspective’s view of the individual, social order, and social change.

 

o Do not debate the ACA itself. Rather, use these perspectives to understand how a sociologist studies the Act.

 

 

 

 

 In a sentence or two, describe your personal beliefs about the ACA.

 

 

 

 

 Use sociological imagination to explain how you developed your beliefs concerning the Act. Include a discussion of a minimum of two of the following: race, class, gender, religious and political affiliations, and how being part of these groups affects your thoughts on the Act.

 

 

 

 Finally, using the materials in Chapter 2, how might you study people’s beliefs about the ACA? Describe the steps you would follow in the research process to answer this question. Be sure to describe your study, the method, and a few specific questions you would ask.

 

 

 

Your response must be at least two pages in length, using the Times New Roman, 12-pt. font. Each part of the question should be completely answered in its own section. It is required that the sections use the following headings: Facts, Applying the Perspectives, Personal Beliefs, Sociological Imagination, and Research Process. Be sure you use in-text citations as well as an appropriate references page at the end, according to APA style.

1. On August 31, 2011, Roberta acquired a 20 percent interest in Zelkova Company, a partnership, by contributing property with an adjusted basis of $8,500 and a fair market value of $15,000. The property was subject to a mortgage of $10,000, which was assumed by Zelkova Company. What is Roberta’s basis in her partnership interest in Zelkova Company immediately after the partnership contribution?


A) $6,500 


B) $500 


C) $8,500 


D) $3,000 


E) $7,000 



 

2.John owns a 20 percent interest in J&B Interests, a partnership. His brother, Brian, owns a 35 percent interest in that same partnership, and the remaining 45 percent is owned by an unrelated individual. During 2011, John sells a classic automobile from his personal collection with a basis of $80,000 to J&B Interests for $110,000. The partnership intends to hold the auto as part of its inventory for resale. What is the amount and nature of John’s gain or loss on this transaction?


A) $0 gain or loss 


B) $24,000 ordinary income 


C) $30,000 long-term capital gain 


D) $30,000 long-term capital loss 


E) $30,000 ordinary income 



 

3. Roger is a 51 percent partner of Ralph & Associates. Roger sells a building to the partnership for $80,000. If the building had an adjusted basis to Roger of $105,000, how much gain or loss does Roger recognize on this transaction?


A) $12,750 loss 


B) $25,000 loss 


C) $12,750 gain 


D) $0 gain or loss 


E) $25,000 gain 



 

4. Which of the following items may not be subject to the self-employment tax?


A) Amounts paid to an independent contractor who is the sole proprietor of his company. 


B) Amounts received by an author as royalties from a book he wrote. 


C) Rental income from apartments owned by an individual whose regular source of income is wages and salaries. 


D) A partner’s distributive share of partnership business income 


E) Amounts paid to a consultant who is the sole proprietor of his company. 

 

 READ THE POSTS BELOW AND RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC TO ADD MORE TO THE DISCUSSION. (DO NOT JUST REPEAT WHAT THE STUDENT ALREADY SAID OR EVALUATE THEIR DISCUSSION, BUT RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC AND SHARE WHAT ELSE YOU FOUND ON THE TOPIC. THIS IS A RESPONSE TO MY CLASSMATE SO REFER TO THEM AS THE FIRST PERSON). MUST INCLUDE REFERENCES!!!. 

POST 1:  Describe the composition and functions of saliva 

Saliva accomplishes favorable tasks in a person’s good health but receives little if any credit. It is composed from a variety of fluids from various glands of the body. The chemical make-up includes substances like electrolytes, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and phosphates (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). Other compounds in saliva are immunoglobulins, proteins, enzymes, mucins, and nitrogenous products (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001).

Salivary function can be organized into 5 major categories that serve to maintain oral health and create an appropriate ecologic balance. These include (1) lubrication and protection, (2) buffering action and clearance, (3) maintenance of tooth integrity, (4) antibacterial activity, and (5) taste and digestion (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). These functions are essential for good health.

The various substances that make up saliva preform different tasks. Salivary components work in concert in overlapping, multifunctioning roles, which can be simultaneously beneficial and detrimental (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). Saliva contributes to the digestion of food and to the maintenance of oral hygiene. Without normal saliva function, a person is at risk for dental caries, gum disease, and gingivitis (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). During digestion, saliva helps to moisten food and plays a role in taste (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). Mucus binds and lubricates the food, while the salivary amylase, an enzyme, begins starch digestion in the mouth (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). Lingual lipase, an enzyme, also begins fat digestion in the month (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). Lysozyme, another enzyme, kills bacteria with the help of an antibacterial antibody called Immunoglobulin A (IgA) (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001).

Saliva also helps to lubricate and produce a coat of oral mucosa to protect the mouth from trauma during eating, swallowing, and speaking (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). This protective role extends also to teeth. A tooth may lose enamel and calcium that is removed through the saliva, but the saliva also cuts down on the plaque that collects on the teeth. Plaque thickness and the amount of bacteria present control the efficiency of salivary buffers (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001).

In conclusion, saliva does not get the credit it deserves. It provides a variety of important functions that focus on digestion, protection, and bacteria control. It is an essential component to good oral health.

Post2: Factors that regulate hunger and satiety

 

With obesity being one of the biggest health problems we face today, a special interest has been taken in the study of appetite. When our body is fasting, it will use its own fat stores as a source of energy, however, in order to ensure survival our body will send signals to let us know that we must eat to avoid starvation. The ventromedial portion of the hypothalamus is the portion of the brain that regulates appetite and weight, whereas the lateral hypothalamus controls satiety (Ahima & Antwi, 2009). These two areas of the hypothalamus must send and receive signals from different parts of the body for us to know whether we are hungry or satisfied.

One such area of the body that secrete hormones which control hunger and satiety is our gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin is produced and secreted by the stomach and will increase in times of fasting to produce the feeling of hunger. After ghrelin is secreted, it will cause the hypothalamus to produce growth hormone releasing hormone in order to prepare the body to receive the nutrients we are about to ingest (Saladin, 2018, p.992). The level of ghrelin will begin to diminish about an hour after eating.

 While ghrelin stimulates hunger, there are a variety of hormones which will signal the end of a meal, “Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum and jejunum” (Saladin, 2018, p.993). This peptide was the first to be found to be a factor in suppressing the appetite and it is achieved by stimulating the vagal CCK1 receptors and the brain (Ahima & Antwi, 2009). CCK also helps bile and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Much like CCK, another hormone that signals satiety is Peptide YY (PYY). PYY is secreted by the enteroendocrine cells within the ilium and the colon. These cells can sense when food enters the stomach and will begin to secrete PYY before the food reaches the ileum and will be there long after a meal is completed (Saladin, 2018, p.992).  In doing this, one feels full for a longer amount of time because it prevents the stomach from emptying out too fast (Saladin, 2018, p.992). Much like PYY and CCK, Amylin helps to produce the feeling of satiety, but it is produced in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets (Saladin, 2018, p.993).

While the aforementioned regulators are considered short termed because they work over a short period of time (within minutes to hours of food consumption), there are peptides within the body which will work over a period of weeks to years called long term appetite regulators (Saladin, 2018, p.993). These regulators are charged with controlling caloric intake and energy expenditure via “adiposity signals” (Saladin, 2018 p.993). Leptin is secreted by fat cells in the body tells our brain how much fat we have stored within our body. Insulin, which is secreted by pancreatic cells in response to a meal are produced to increase glycogen, fat and protein storage (Ahima & Antwi, 2009). Much like leptin, insulin will also alert the brain to the available fat stores within the body. In allowing the brain to know how much fat the body has available for energy and hormone production, the brain can send the appropriate signals to “activate the mechanisms for adding and reducing fat (Saladin, 2018, p.993).