WEEK 4 DISCUSSION (you must see the attached files)

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WEEK 4 DISCUSSION

WELCOME to the discussion for WEEK 4. Please respond in complete sentences for each question, unless directed to do otherwise, demonstrating in your reply that you have read the material in order to receive full credit.

Topic 1: Copyright
This week you read about copyright and some of the laws governing digital rights management.
Discussion:
Copyright protection is available for original works of authorship that are fixed in a tangible form, whether published or unpublished. The categories of works that can be protected by copyright laws include paintings, literary works, live performances, photographs, movies, and software.
Response #1:
Make an argument for or against the following statement: “Copyright is the only way for musicians, artists, and filmmakers to protect their integrity.  What’s important is not profit, but protecting creative content from unfair use. Copyright should remain an important part of our law”. Justify your response with support from the reading.

Topic 2: Customer Location Data
This week you read the article “Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint Suspend Selling of Customer Location Data (web page).
Discussion:
Verizon, AT&T, and Sprint will no longer share its customers’ location information with several third-party companies who failed to handle the data appropriately.
Question #1:
Do you agree with phone companies sharing their customers’ information with third-party companies? Why or why not? Support your answer.

 Topic 3: Filter Bubbles
This week read the article” Measuring the Filter Bubble: How Google is measuring what you click” and watched “How Filter Bubbles Isolate You” (YouTube Video)
Discussion:
If you and I performed a Google Internet search on a topic, we could get totally different results. How is this possible?  In attempts to provide us with user-specific content based on the data they collect on us, web companies may also be restricting us from information and “narrowing our world view.”
Question #1:
What are your thoughts on filter bubbles? Have you ever encountered a Filter Bubble?  Do you think companies like Facebook and Google have a civic responsibility in this area? 

Posting instructions :

Please read this information extremely carefully:

  • Please include the topic number and title in your subject name for each discussion throughout the course.. For instance, Topic 1: Copyright.   It has to be clear what you are answering so ensure you clearly label.
  • Do not attach answers or files in discussion unless directions state to do so.
  • You must respond in complete sentences for each question, unless directed to do otherwise. Ensure you answer each question within the topic as this week there are multiple questions in the topics.
  • Minimum Topic Response: Posts need to be at least a 70 words,  substantive and answer all parts.. If your reply for this question is less than 70 words and not substantive, you will lose points. You can use Microsoft Word to count the words in your response to make sure you have met the requirement.
  • 🙂  to indicate a smile and lol for laughter  is fine and I may use it myself from time to time in discussion.  I would give deductions for other text speak such as using “u” for “you” etc.
  • Each topic must be answered in a separate post.
  • Answer posted in an organized manner.
  • If references are used they need to be cited appropriately. Realize that to answer substantively you may need to do research and if so reference appropriately.
  • Do not in any discussions cover same topic/product/website  etc  for separate topics
  • After you post   please review it to make sure it is formatted correctly and is easy to read and has no spelling errors

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Respond

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As always in your discussion, respond thoughtfully to this 2 postings.

Cherry Banks post:

There are many forms of bullying today.  Most instances of bullying take place with children at school; however, there are many children that were bullied as kids that grow up to be adult bullies.  It’s not uncommon today to find bullies in the workplace, prison and even at church (Fundukian & Wilson, 2008).  Unfortunately, children that stand out or appear to be different are easy targets for bullies.   According to Laurie Fundukian & Jeffrey Wilson, studies have shown that 16,000 children ranging from the sixth through tenth grades report bullying as being a common problem in the United States (Fundukian & Wilson, 2008).   

Males and females bully differently.  Males are typically more physical; engaging in fights or destroying one’s property.  Females tend to be less conspicuous by playing social tricks or spreading rumors, intending to embarrass or humiliate their peers. Unknowingly, students play the role of instigator. Without instigators to fuel the situation, most bullying would die out.  (Bandsuch LPCC, 2017)

It’s very important for parents to look for warning signs of bullying because often children will try to hide it out of shame or fear.  It is equally important for schools to have zero tolerance for bullying in the school, as this is where most bullying tends to occur.  

As technology continues to evolve, bullies are now using the internet as a method to bully.  It’s so easy to act anonymously on the internet, so it’s even more so important for parents to stay vigilant in their children’s lives, and aware of their interaction on the interact.  Our perfect little angel could very likely be someone else’s bully.                         

References

Bandsuch LPCC, L. (2017, March 16). Boys and girls bully differently. Retrieved from Psychbc: https://psychbc.com/blog/bullying-boys-and-girls-are-different

Fundukian, L., & Wilson, J. (2008). The Gale encyclopedia of mental health. Bullying, p. 183-188.

Tamika Gibson post:

How do genders bully differently? Males tend to bully more overtly and more physically. They bully face-to-face. Boys believe their social value is related to their physical strength. They use their physical power over the victim in an attempt to gain status or control. They may engage in fights, use the threat of physical violence and/or may damage the victim’s property. Boys tend to bully based on opportunity making it more of an impulsive act. Girls act out as consistently as boys who bully, but female bullies can be more difficult to spot. Female bullying is often more subtle and occurs behind the scenes, thus making it less likely to get caught. Girls tend to believe their social value lies mainly in their appearance. Because of this, girls typically bully by trying to tear down the appearance of their victims any way they can. They will pick on boys as well. What ages are most susceptible? The risk for bullying peaks at different ages for different types of bullying. Physical intimidation was most commonly reported by children under 10 years: its prevalence was 19 percent among children ages two to five, and 18 percent among children ages six to nine, compared with 9 percent among children ages 10 to 13, and 5 percent among children ages 14 to 17. Relational aggression peaks later, with 23 percent of children ages two to five reporting it in the past year, compared with 33 percent of children ages six to nine, 48 percent of children ages 10 to 13, and 39 percent of youth 14 to 17. Internet and cell phone harassment was most common at ages 14-17 (nine percent, compared with less than five percent among younger children). What are the typical characteristics of bullies?  Some of the common indicators  include: Lacks empathy and concern for others -Demonstrates a strong need to dominate and subdue others -Hot tempered, quickly becomes enraged  -Teases others in a hurtful manner -Picks on others who are weaker; not done in self defense -Intimidates others through threats or reputation -Commits acts of physical aggression.  victims? Bullies tend to harass children who are vulnerable in some way.  Dressing differently, being from a under-represented cultural group, learning more slowly than others, or being unskilled in a valued ability can make one a target for bullies.  Weaknesses and differences are exploited by these aggressors. What roles do students play that contribute to this problem in schools? There are many roles that kids can play. Kids can bully others, they can be bullied, or they may witness bullying. When kids are involved in bullying, they often play more than one role. Sometimes kids may both be bullied and bully others or they may witness other kids being bullied. How can schools best deal with bullying? Communities are exploring school-based bullying intervention programs to help reduce bullying or eliminate it all together.  There now are many effective strategies for countering bullying.  In addition to providing warnings and protection to all, a good anti-bullying program implements immediate disciplinary consequences for intimidation and aggressive behavior, and re-orientation instruction for the bullies, their victims, and bystanders.  However, for the programs to succeed, adults and children must be aware of signs and interventions. From that point, they then need instruction in how to prevent, detect, and react to bullying. What can parents do to protect their children from cyber-bullying? Have the cyber-bullying conversation, Set cyber safety rules, Continue to be involved with your child’s online use, Work with the school, Document the situation, and also be supportive to the child. How to prevent their children from becoming cyberbullies? Start by talking with your child, and explore reasons for their behavior. This conversation should allow your child to discuss how they are feeling, to speak up if they are being bullied by someone else, and to talk about other factors that may be leading to this behavior. Try to understand your child’s feelings and help your child appreciate how others feel when they are cyber-bullied. Let your child know that everyone has feelings and that feelings matter. Then, make your expectations and consequences clear and consistent. Let your child know that bullying is not okay under any circumstances and that you will not tolerate it. Lastly, provide positive feedback and be patient.

Bandsuch, L. (2017)Boys and girls bully differently Retrieved June 20, 2019 from https://psychbc.com

Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015) Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national survey of children’s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatric, 169(8), 746-754.

NA(ND)Stop bullying on the spot Retrieved June 20, 2019 from www.stopbullying.gov

Discussion /Assignment/Student Response

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ALL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED!!!!

ALL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED!!!!

ALL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED!!!!

ALL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED!!!!

ALL QUESTIONS NEED TO BE ANSWERED!!!!

NO CITATIONS OR QUOTATIONS!

********************Discussion Post*****************

Need this Discussion post done 11/8 at 2 pm.

 

Answer the question below related to Case Number 10-C  Daily Dose of Civic Discourse in the Discussion as your Initial Comment by Friday 11/08 at 1:59 pm. Then respond to three other classmates.

1. Trevor Noah was criticized – even called a sellout and devil – for giving Tommi Lahren a platform to express her conservative views, for example equating Black Lives Matter with the Ku Klux Klan. Is such criticism of Trevor Noah warranted?

2. Evaluate Debra Tannen’s claim that the argument culture distills every issue or debate into two polarized sides?

Page 193 on the pdf

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Assignment 

 Answer questions in Challenge based on Case 10-B Making Terrorists of Gamers.

1. Violence has long been a part of art and entertainment. What standards if any should we place on the artist in terms of how much violence we wish to see in our art?  

Do you agree with the modifications required by the countries of Japan and Germany or the outright banning of this segment by the country of Russia? 

(about 300 words)

 

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Student replies 1) 

 1. Trevor Noah was indeed criticized. His character and integrity was even questioned, but in my opinion he giving her the platform doesn’t make him a sellout or a devil. He gave her a fair and equal chance to explain her position. I’m by no means a fan of Tommi Lahren, but she does deserve to state her opinion just like anyone else. Coming from someone who has followed her over the past few years, she has no filter whatsoever. Her conservative views rival that of radical republicans. Even though her comparison of Black Lives Matter to the KKK was egregious, Trevor Noah allowed her to come on his show so he had a chance also to make a little fun of her because that’s what he’s good at. 2. Debra Tannen’s claim that argument culture distills every issue is less likely than a debate into two polarized sides. Most of the time in a argument, the conflict isn’t resolved. More fuel is just thrown on the fire causing the argument to be prolonged. Sometimes that isn’t the case, but most times it can just cause a bigger issue. 

Student post 2)

 I am not a fan of Trevor Noah, but should have never been criticized. Trevor Noah had a right to give Tomi Lahren the opportunity to speak on his show. The people who criticized Trevor were in the wrong because they failed to realize the history of the Democratic Party. The history of the Democratic Party is the creation of the Ku Klux Klan. Trevor is not a sellout because he did the right thing. Trevor’s critics are the real sellouts because they can not stand other points of view. Debra Tannen is wrong when she states that the argument culture does not distill every issue or debate because to argue is to be human. You can argue about the issues and still be civil about it. 

Student Post 3)

Trevor Noah was definitely criticized. I don’t believe that he should have been called a “sellout” or “devil simply because he was just letting Tommi Lahren voice her opinion. Although I don’t agree with everything she says, it still gives her the freedom of speech, to say anything she wants. Anything she says is heard nationwide because of the high authority that she has. Some people will agree with her and others disagree but the fact that Trevor Noah was criticized was just kind of outrageous only because he was giving her a platform to voice her opinion with. I believe Debra Tannens claim is irrelevant because any argument never gets solved since people just love to argue, argue,argue. Sometimes it can be two polarized sides but it seems like no one can can to an agreement about anything anymore.

Unit9PeerResponseLifespan

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Response Guidelines

Read as many of your peers’ posts as time allows, and respond to at least two of them. Try to choose posts that have had the fewest responses.

Your responses to other learners are expected to be substantive in nature and to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Use the following critique guidelines:

The clarity and completeness of your peer’s post.

The demonstrated ability to apply theory to practice.

The credibility of the references.

The structure and style of the written post.

Peer1

Jazmine Miller 

Middle and Late Adulthood

Week 9

As an individual ages, so does their mind. For this reason it is important that as an individual grows they take steps to protect their mental states as well as their physical body. The first thing that a practitioner should take into consideration before considering applying one or more theories is the individuals demographics. An individuals demographics have a lot to do with how a practitioner would need to advise them, for instance an individual who had a diagnosis of depression at some point in life is more likely to experience that again inmiddle and late adulthood. Just as individuals with less academic experience and/or an improvised background are more likely to develop dementia (Smith, & Hayslip Jr, 2012).

Before utilizing psychological theory to assist a patient it could be of good use to simply utilize the current research that developmental psychologist provide through articles. This can provide evidence based results. For instance, studies have shown that the use of technology can help maintain mental durability for older individual due to the learning curve that technology provides (Erickson, & Johnson, 2011). 

There are a wide variety of theories that can be used to approach an individual who is approaching middle or late adulthood. However, there are always some that are more appropriate to use then others. A practitioner needs to consistently keep that in mind to ensure that no harm is being done to the patient. With that being said one of the most popular theories in lifespan development is Erik Ericsson’s theory of psychosocial stages. This theory goes through what aspects need to be met through each stage of life to create and maintain a healthy mental state. It also gives an idea of what factors could be affecting a poor mental state. For example in erickdonsvtheory describes middle adulthood as the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation, in this stage raising a family and being productive in their work and their community(Erikson, 1963, p. 245).There is also stages leading up to late adulthood. 

References 

Smith, G. C., & Hayslip Jr, B. (2012). Resilience in adulthood and later life: What does it mean and where are we heading?. Annual Review of Gerontology & Geriatrics, 32, 3.

Erickson, J., & Johnson, G. M. (2011). Internet use and psychological wellness during late adulthood. Canadian Journal on Aging/la Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 30(2), 197-209.

Erikson, E. H. (Ed.). (1963). Youth: Change and challenge. Basic books.

Peer2

Pauline Jackson 

U9D1

Late adulthood is the time after age 55.  Subjective well being is another way to say happiness.  Happiness is a well studies area of the human experience.  “The most commonly used measurements of SWB incorporate three separable factors: overall life satisfaction, frequency of positive and of negative moods” (Broderick, 2014, p. 526). There are things that we measure by self-reporting.  Surveys are often given to see how happy we are, or how well we are feeling about our lives as a whole.  The cognitive part of happiness is measure by how satisfying we view our life.  The reposts of what we view as negative or positive are how our emotions are measured. Based on these surveys and studies we have learned what humans find important and how it relates to how happy we feel.

The experience-sampling method is one way scientists have found to understand what makes humans happy.  While this is a somewhat intrusive test, it shows in real life what creates feelings of happiness.   “Typically, those who use this methodology give participants beepers that are programmed to beep at various points during the day. The beep alerts participants to record what they are doing and how they are feeling at that moment. This strategy is a good way to observe lives as they unfold.” (Broderick, 2014, p. 527)

Another test that was developed is the day reconstruction method.  This test isn’t intrusive the way experience sampling is.  Participants in this test are asked what happened throughout their day.  They may write there experiences in a diary. These memories are described and the participants are given questions to answer about each experience.  The memories are given ratings based on how positive or negative they were to the participant. 

There are many things that effect subjective well being.  Studies have shown that having enough money to make purchases increases happiness.  And thus, having a job that provides the means to make those purchases.  Things like relaxation and sexual intimacy also increase happiness.  “Receiving social support is clearly linked to better coping with life’s stresses, as you will see later in this chapter, but having opportunities to give social support is also a key ingredient in happiness” (Broderick, 2014, p. 530). Those who lack personal relationships in life aren’t as happy.  Marriages also contribute to happiness.  People also find happiness when they work is something that suits their skills and personality.

The common theme in creating well being was interpersonal relationships.  As health care providers, we can help foster these relationships to help keep happiness levels high in our aging population. Humans have a universal need to relate with other humans. 

Broderick, P. C., Blewitt, P. (01/2014). Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals, 4th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781269907422

English quiz

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GG

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Read Chapter 9 and choose only one “Case study” to answer the “Case study Questions”. Make sure when you answer the Case study questions, you need to use reference (ch9 articles) to support your idea. You also can add a short reflection (you opinion) in the end. Totally, no more than 1 page.

 

I also have 2 more Case study writing in next few days. I will contact you after you done Chapter 9.

 

Also in the end, I have a final paper need to write. I will tell you more detail after you do this 3 Case study writing.

 

 

–Forums

The discussion forum tool will be used to consider the case studies included in the textbook. You must contribute once to all five forums, answering the questions in the textbook associated with a chosen case study. You may choose whatever case study you like, but each post must come from a different chapter. You will be graded on thoroughness and depth of your answers.

 

You can get to the forums through the link on the menu, or through a Lessons module. The following are directions for each forum post. For each case study forum, post a detailed and carefully considered response to one case study. Case studies can be found at the end of each chapter in your textbook. Each case study is followed by a few questions. The following are requirements for each submission:

 

  • When you “Start a New Conversation” in each forum, title your post with the case number and page (e.g. “CASE 10.4, page 446”)
  • Answer the questions following the case study you chose
  • Add additional thoughts inspired by one or more readings from the associated chapter
  • Choose a different chapter (not just a different case study) for each forum (in other words, you will discuss, all together, five case studies from five different chapters)
  • Your post should be thoughtful, in-depth, specific, and reference a reading from the associated chapter
  • Replies to other students are not required

REL321- Arizona State University- TEST 1

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TEST 1- 

1-      Freud characterizes religion as “illusions, fulfillments of the oldest strongest and most urgent wishes of mankind” in his 1927 work titled…                           

The Sociology of Religion

The Future of an Illusion

Violence and the Sacred

Significations: Signs and Symbols and Images in the Interpretation of Religion                       

 

2-      According to Albanese, trickster figures often have taken the form(s) of a…

Hare

Raven

Coyote

all of the above                       

 

3-      Which of the following best describes the Diné religious focus on relationships?

While human-animal relationships are important, human-human relationships are more important

The goal of Diné religious practice is to maintain a good relationship with the spirits. This may mean neglecting human-human, human-Earth, or human-animal relationship

Diné religion teaches that humans, animals, spirits,  the Earth, and other natural figures, are related                       

 

4-      In Navajo Diné religion, Changing Woman…

relays messages to various Diné heroes in various myths

represents the power of renewal inherent in the earth

performs healing rituals                       

 

5-      What is the Diné term for the spirits called “Holy People”?          

 

Earth Surface

Hóchxó                

Healer  

Diyin Dine’é                

       

6-      According to Albanese, the “manyness of religions” means…     

pluralism             

postpluralism

all of the above

none of the above                       

 

7-      Albanese names four tentative “parts” of religious systems. Which of the following is NOT one of those parts?

Creed

Code

Orientation

cultus                       

 

8-      Which group is thought to be the ancestors of contemporary Inuit who migrated from Siberia to North America?

ThTThule

Diné

Sivullirmiut

Lakota                       

 

9-      True or False: along with speaking languages in the language family “Inuit,” many Inuit people also speak English and French         

True      

False                       

 

10-   To what language family does the Diné language belong?                            

Athabascan                       

Inuit

Romance

Semitic                       

 

What is the best English translation of the Diné concept “hózhó”?           

Harmonious conditions

Unharmonious conditions

Holy People       

Changing Woman                       

 

True or false: a student who finds a portion of the class materials offensive is excused from engaging those materials                               

True

False                       

 

Which of the following best describes the Inuit religious view of hunting?

Hunting is only practical

Hunting is only spiritual. The animal is not used for anything practical

The Inuit develop a special relationship with the animals they hunt that is both spiritual and practical

The Inuit only hunt for sport                       

 

Apak is the woman who begins the film The Journals of Knud Rasmussen. She states that her father, Avva, was a…

Shaman

Well-known hunter

European

master Igloo builder                       

 

According to Albanese, extraordinary religion helps people transcend…               

Hate                     

their everyday culture and concerns

violence

their class struggles                       

 

How does Mircea Eliade describe the process by which humans engage the sacred realm?

The sacred shows itself to humans

This sacred NEVER shows itself to humans

The sacred does not exist                       

 

According to Gaustad and Schmidt, speaking historically, Native American religions generally believed that “this world and the world beyond” were…

(Note that this is still true today)

separate or independent

NOT separate or independent                       

 

True or False: According to Gaustad and Schmidt, pluralism was reduced by the European “invasion of Amerca.”

True

False                       

 

At the end of The Journals of Knud Fasmussen, Avva (the main man in the film) converts to Christianity and dismisses the Inuit spirits. The spirits react by…

Laughing

Crying

Dancing

Dying                       

 

Which definition(s) of religion did I describe as most relevant to this course?

Charles Long’s idea that religion is “orientation—orientation in the ultimate sense, that is, how one comes to terms with the ultimate significance of one’s place in the world”

Catherine Bell’s description of religion as “ideas, convictions, and practices related to the sense of a reality other than the quotidian, the day-to-day”

all of the above

 

Which of the following best describes Karl Marx’s view of religion?

Religion is an “intuition of the universe.”

The word “religion” describes experiences with the sacred when one is alone                   

Religion is a feel-good mechanism so economically oppressed people can escape their suffering

Religion provides the illusion of security that reflects people’s need for fatherly love.                       

 

The Inuit religion teaches a spiritual connection with the Inuit homeland. What is the name of the Inuit homeland?               

Inuit Thule         

Inuk                      

Inuit Nunangat                       

 

The Angakoq, or Shaman, of the Inuit is a leader of ritual, healer, diviner, and communicator with the spirits. How is the Angakoq chosen?

He displays himself as the best at skinning seals

He is elected by his community                

He is chosen as a child by an older Angakoq

He is chosen on his 13th birthday by hunting the largest Narwhale.                       

 

According to Albanese, Ordinary Religion is more or less synonymous with…                      

Culture

Transcendence

Creeds

Inuit                       

 

According to Albanese, Native Americans have thought of a world to which they were bound by ties of…                            

Orientations

Friendship

common cause

kinship                       

 

This question regards The Journal of Knud Rasmussen. During the Church service, one of the Inuit converts to Christianity states that “Shamans serve…”

God

Jesus

the whale spirits

 

Satan

Philosophy Discussion 6

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Your answers to each of these questions should be at least one paragraph (6-7 sentences) long, and it should show some thoughtful consideration regarding the matters raised in the questions.  Your total set of answers to these questions needs to be at least 200 words.  Also, when you reply to these questions, be sure to insert the letter for each question next to your answer corresponding to that question.

You will also need to reply to at least two students.  When you reply to another student, you do not need to reply to that student’s answers to every single question for this week.  You can just pick their reply to one question and reply to their answer to that question.  Your replies to other students should be at least 100 words long each.

A. This week you read about a few mystical experiences that people have claimed to have had.  For instance, you read about one in the book of Isaiah in the Bible and one from St. Teresa of Avila.  Describe these experiences briefly.  Last, do you think that it is really plausible to believe that these people had these experiences?  Why or why not?

B. This week one of the things that you thought about was the argument from mystical experiences for believing in God.   This argument says that you can know that God exists simply by having an experience of Him in your heart.  What do you think of this?  Is it plausible or implausible?

C. One of the questions that Kierkegaard challenges a person to ask regarding believing in God is this.  He says a person should ask themselves, “Can my life have meaning and purpose apart from faith in God?”  What do you think of that question?  Do you think that a person’s life can have meaning and purpose apart from believing in God?  Why or why not?

D. Over the course of the previous weeks, we have looked at lots of different approaches to the topic of God’s existence.  In Week 3 we looked at arguments for God’s existence.  In Week 4, we look at some objections to God’s existence.  In Week 5 we looked at Pascal who offered up a pragmatic argument for believing in God even if you are not sure of the evidence.  And, in Week 6, we looked at how mystics approach God’s existence.  Which of these approaches do you think is the most plausible?  Explain your view.  Which of these approaches do you think is the least plausible?  Explain your view.

 

Doctor Mitch

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The works we’ve read so far in Unit One have been both difficult to understand and hard to relate to. We don’t go on sea voyages anymore, or gather in mead-halls, or go on pilgrimages to Canterbury. But it would be a mistake to assume that you can’t relate to Old and Medieval English literature. All of these works also demonstrate universal themes and deal with emotions and experiences we recognize today: the loss of a home or a way of life, the need to stand up to evil, the need for community, and taking long, life-changing journeys.

 

Choose one of the prompts below and develop a one-page (250-350 word) response that retells, or updates, one of the classics we’ve read. This is an informal writing assignment, so feel free to get creative and have fun with this assignment, or to get personal and expressive. You are welcome to use first person (I and we) and to write this in any form you choose — poem, short short, letter to the editor, journal entry, blog post, newspaper article, or even a series of Facebook status or Twitter updates — as long as your writing meets the minimum word count.

 

PROMPT #!: Have you ever lost something that was really important to you? How did you feel about it? Did other people understand what you were going through, or did you constantly have to explain yourself? Have you ever moved? Did you miss your old home? Write a lament for something that you have lost. It could be something serious, like the death of a loved one or a move that was hard to adjust to, or it could be something not-as- serious, like the loss of a favorite childhood toy.

 

PROMPT #2: You are trying to open up a restaurant / coffee shop that will become a social gathering place for your friends and peers. You want this place to be really cool — but also a place where people can relax and get comfortable. What kind of establishment will you open? How will you get people in the doors? What will they do once they get there? How will you keep them there for long periods of time and keep them coming back? Write a description or story of your ideal social meeting place.

 

 

Arguing your Philosophical Claim

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PHIL 100: PHIL 100 Final Project Stage 3: Arguing your Philosophical Claim 

For the Final Project stage 3 you will present the answer to your philosophical question in the form of a speech. You will write this speech on a Word .docx to submit. Stage 1 and 2 are attached as files. you will find my philosophical question in stage 1.

Your speech will take the form of what is known as the Classical Style:

The Classical Style is divided into four (4) parts:

(1) The Introduction and Narration: In the first part of the classical style, you, as the speaker, introduce the question that is going to be answered by making the speech relevant to the audience. You can do this by contextualizing the speech and narrating the problem that the question brings. Philosophers often use narration, stories, analogies, and events to introduce problems or controversies that the question elicits. Common devices for introducing philosophical questions to an audience are: “Have you ever asked this question?” or “Many people have debated this topic.” The aim of the first part is to make the audience feel comfortable before beginning the argument proper. The more relevant the introduction is to the audience, the better the argument. A very short introduction will not be persuasive, but neither will an overly long one.

(2) Arguments supporting your Claim: In the second part of the classical style, you present your  arguments and evidence to back up or substantiate the main points of your claim. Your arguments and evidence are connected together in a chain of reasoning that link the facts and examples, and testimony that support the arguments you are making. Remember, it’s important to faithfully present the arguments of the philosopher(s) you are studying in order to bolster your claim. When presenting your arguments, it is most persuasive to present your best argument and evidence first, your worst argument and evidence second and your middle argument and evidence third (if you have one). You have already done this step in the Final Project stage 2 assignment. Now, put your arguments and evidence into a convincing speech.

(3) Addressing the Counter-Claim: In the third part of the classical style, you concede and/or refute the arguments that support the counter-claim. The aim of the classical style is to persuade, and your persuasion will be more effective if you take into account these arguments: “Some people say this….but they are wrong because of XYZ” etc. You can anticipate and respond to objections before they are stated, or concede a particular point in order to make another point stronger (as long as you don’t undercut your main claim). You have already identified the arguments that support the counter claim in your Final Project Stage 2 assignment. Now, address these arguments in your speech; your strongest refutation first, your weakest refutation second, and your middling refutation third (if you have one).

(4) Conclusion: In the fourth part of the classical style, you tie everything together, creating a sense of finality or closure to the question, convincing the audience that the question or problem stated in the Introduction has been answered. Often, speakers will include an emotional or ethical appeal in the conclusion in order to help sway the audience to their opinion.

There is no minimum word count or minimum time for your written or oral speech. Your speech will instead be graded on the elements of the Classical Style and your speech’s overall persuasiveness.