Answer to this discussion post with a minimum of 200 words. cited and references, APA style. 

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Screening is an essential step as it helps clinical officers in the diagnosis of diseases. It helps to identify the cause of specific symptoms that a patient has. It is also helpful in the early detection and diagnosis of a disease, and therefore, it can be treated early. Many screening tools are normally used as the most important being population and risk assessment. When it comes to these two variables, the USPSTF recommends that the when it is screening for the women to check if they may be having diseases such as cancers, the care providers should screen all the population that have family members with that type of cancer. The example given is the case of breast cancer. In this case the whole population that is all women related to the one having breast cancer, ovarian, peritoneal or even tubal cancer should be screened. The screening should use one of the several tools that are designed for screening. This is aimed at ensuring that the increased risk of harmful mutation in breast cancer susceptibility genes is identified. The genes in question in this question are BRCA1 and BRCA2. Upon the screening, women with positive screening results should be given proper counselling on genetics in the event they are indeed confirmed to test positive for BRCA. 

Moreover, it is also essential to assess the risks that might be associated with certain diseases or disorders. This is important because it helps to create awareness on the risks and to identify who is more at risk of contracting it (Moyer, 2014). Thus, the people who are more at risk can take necessary caution and care to manage the risk. For example, according to the guide to preventive services 2014, older people, African Americans, and people with a family history of glaucoma are more at risk of having glaucoma. Therefore, they should be screened regularly (Force, 2014).

References:

Force, U. P. T. (2014). Guide to clinical preventive services. Available from https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/publications/files/cpsguide.pdf  [accessed on 14/6/2019]

Moyer, V. A. (2014). Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of internal medicine, 160(5), 330-338.

Also for part of this discussion it is required a reply to one classmate.

Support answers with two cited peer reviewed journals

Nurse practitioners have been given the mandate of authorizing drugs and prescribing medications following the challenges that are facing the delivery of healthcare. Examples of such problems are the decreasing number of medical providers, unavailability of adequate health care services in rural and underserved areas as well as the increasing specialization among the professionals. The professional practice issue of a nurse practitioner as a prescriber is that prescribing is done in different contexts of practice. Thus no regulations are governing the process, the practice is outdated, and there is lack of enough funds for the education of the nurses (Sabatino et al., 2017). As a result, painkillers end up being prescribed in most cases.

Nurse practitioners have been found to prescribe drugs with the aim of promoting pharmaceutical companies that sponsor their education without relying on sufficient evidence in their prescriptions. This is according to the survey conducted on a sample of nurse practitioners who were randomly selected from the American Academy of nurse practitioners which is the largest body of nurse practitioners in the United States. In conclusion, therefore, the role of a nurse practitioner as a prescriber needs to be regulated and seriously examined to ensure proper prescriptions are done.

References

Miller, E., Balmer, D., Hermann, M. N., Graham, M. G., & Charon, R. (2014). Sounding narrative medicine: studying students’ professional identity development at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 89(2), 335.

Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(5), 248-254.

I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

Dissemination of research findings in the clinical nursing literature occurred at two levels: through articles that reported studies of potential value to the nurse’s practice and citations to research publications within articles. Relevance to clinical practice. Disseminating research in journals that are geared to clinicians is essential to increase nurses’ awareness of research findings that might be relevant to their practice (Oermann, Nordstrom, Wilmes, Denison, Webb, Featherston, & Kowalewski, 2008). The American Association of Critical Care Nurses Journal would be a great place to present my project because the success of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) bundles in preventing ventilator associated pneumonia largely depends on the knowledge and cooperation of critical care nurses. Educating them will bring awareness to the difference that they as nurses can make. Over 100,000 nurses and nursing students currently subscribe to The American Association of Critical Care Nurses Journal. The National Teaching Institute & Critical Care Exposition would be a good conference to discuss my project because the conference focuses on evidence based practices and has critical care nurses from around the country and beyond. It is a good way to educate but also a great place to learn from others in the same field. The exposition also allows nurses to collect CE hours for attendance so this will add an extra incentive for nurses to participate. The conference offer more than education; it also offers an environment for support and inspiration. Nurses come with an open mind ready to learn and getting nurses to understand the need for change is half the battle.

Oermann, M. H., Nordstrom, C. K., Wilmes, N. A., Denison, D., Webb, S. A., Featherston, D. E., & Kowalewski, K. (2008, January). Dissemination of research in clinical nursing journals. Retrieved January 29, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18171391

Module 10 Written Assignment – Types of Hazards in Nursing

Scoring Rubric:

Criteria

Points

Answer the following in 1-2 pages:

1. Discuss and define each of the three hazards
2. Give examples of each hazard
3. Explain and give specific examples to when, where, why, and how nurses may potentially be exposed to these hazards
4. Give examples in which the patient may be exposed to these hazards — 5

Total Points                                                            5

Nursing staff have direct patient contact and therefore exposed to various health hazards. For example, nurses confront such potential hazards as exposure to infectious diseases and toxic substances, back injuries, radiation exposure and stress. They may also be exposed to cleaners and disinfectants that can cause rashes and eye and throat irritation and to infectious diseases such as hepatitis from hypodermic needles that have not been properly discarded. Despite this diversity of occupations and exposures, healthcare hazards can be divided into three categories:

• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards

By being aware of these three categories and following the policies and procedures for the organization, you can prevent injuries and illness. Answer the following in 1-2 pages:

1. Discuss and define each of the three hazards
2. Give examples of each hazard
3. Explain and give specific examples to when, where, why, and how nurses may potentially be exposed to these hazards
4. Give examples in which the patient may be exposed to these hazards

Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.docx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below:

   The promise of the electronic health records (EHR) has always been that it will make the health care system work better for patient care (Ross, 2016). However, in this case study, there was a breakdown in communication and there could have been a negative account if the patient did not have a nursing background. Without a nursing background, Annie would have not known what the diagnosis of dysuria meant, why her urine was sent for a culture, and what the antibiotic sent in was for. Since, she did know all these things, she knew she had a urinary tract infection and needed to take the antibiotic to rid of it.

Breakdowns in Communication

The fast-paced environment of health care contributes to communication failures between health care providers while impacting patient care and patient flow (Driscoll & Gurka, 2015). In this case study, it states that there were no phone conversations with anyone from the APRN’s office after Annie’s well visit. Also, it did not mention anything regarding a note from the APRN or the nurse regarding why her urine was sent for culture and why she needed an antibiotic. We should always assume that the patient does not have any medical background and write as much information is necessary for him/her to be able to understand why a lab result was done and why he/she needs a prescription. Delay in treating Annie’s urinary tract infection could have occurred due to this poor communication if she wasn’t a nurse.

At my women’s health practice, this scenario is very common, however, with better communication between our office and the patient. The patient usually has a urinalysis done at her yearly appointment in our office, we run the sample, and depending on results it may need to be sent for a culture. We notify the patient of this at her appointment. Then, when the culture results are back, if she has MyChart we send a note regarding what the culture grew and what antibiotic was recommended by the provider if necessary. We get notifications if patients do not read their notes within 24 hours and then a phone call is made to her to follow up. Also, at the appointment, our providers ask the patient if she has MyChart and informs her that she will get her results that way then.

Meaningful Use Stage 2 Requirement

For a successful completion of fulfilling a meaningful use stage 2 requirement, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) states there must be secure electronic communication between the patient and health care provider, electronic medication tracking, and facilitated patient access to their electronic medical record (EMR) (Barnhill & Spicer, 2016). In this case study, I believe the APRN’s office fulfilled a stage 2 requirement. There was a secure EMR that was utilized, it appears computerized provider order entry (CPOE) was utilized since Annie got an automated call from her correct pharmacy stating a prescription was ready for pick up, and Annie had easy access to her EHR in which it states she received an email alerting her that there was new information in her electronic record which she was able to view. Even though I believe by definition they fulfilled the requirement, I believe they did not fulfill their duty of adequate communication with the patient.

Reference:1