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A preterm a baby is a baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. According to the Maternal and Child Health Bureau a study done in 2013 preterm babies born to different races in the United States “11.54 percent of babies were born preterm. Of those baby’s 16.53 percent of babies were born to non-Hispanic black women, 10.29 percent of babies were born to non-Hispanic white women, 10.15 percent of the babies born preterm were born to Asian/Pacific islander women, and 11.58 babies born preterm were born to Hispanic women.” (Child Health USA 2013, 2013) Racial and cultural disparities in preterm are sometimes attributed to education, age, income, demographics, if the mother has access to proper care and insurance, health behaviors such as abuse, and preexisting health conditions.

It is fortunate that with modern technological advances preterm babies have a better advantage in surviving then in the past. But unfortunately, there are also risk factors that are involved of preterm birth. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention babies that are born before 32 weeks are at a higher risk of death and disabilities which include breathing problems, feeding difficulties, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, vision problems, and hearing problems.  (Reproductive Health, 2017) Extreme low birth weight babies and preterm babies pose an economical cost to the family, health care industry, and the community, as more care will cost especially if the baby needs to be at the healthcare facility for a longer period for assessment and growth. Long term disabilities and long-term care can affect the families economically and socially at home as they may need ongoing professional help and will also lead to stress and problems for the family. Families need to prepare themselves when a preterm baby is born and be ready to address and complications, disabilities, and difficulties.

Some helpful New Jersey organizations to help mothers learn of pregnancy labor and deliver which can help mothers make the right decisions about their health is https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/preterm-labor-and-premature-baby.aspx. March of dimes has been working with professionals and mothers to help prevent premature birth and birth defects. The group is a well know organization through out the United States and especially in New Jersey.

Karen De Filippis  

 2 posts  Re:Topic 2 DQ 1  

           The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was signed into law in 2010; it has and will continue to have a dynamic impact upon the nursing profession. The PPACA has introduced many provisions applicable to nursing, but this discussion will focus on education and nurse-managed health clinics.  

         The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recognizes that healthcare has become increasingly complex, intensive, and technical, and that nurses are given greater responsibilities. Consequently, it is imperative that nurses achieve advanced levels of training and education. In response to this need, the PPACA has increased the loan amount for nurses education to $17,000 and has also expanded the funding allotted to graduate nursing students for clinical education. It should be noted that although the cost of education has risen dramatically, the federal loan amounts have not been changed for over a decade. 

The government has authorized $338 million to develop programs that include advanced education grants for nurses. Furthermore, the Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) provides support programs for RNs who are pursuing careers as Advanced Practice Nurses.    

       In the US today, we are currently experiencing a physician shortage problem (Stokowski, 2010); very often patients must wait over one month to see a specialist. On the contrary, Nurse Practitioner (NP) candidates and programs are increasing. The good news is that the PPACA is not only granting funds for NP training, but also for nurse-managed health clinics.  In 2014, HRSA estimated that nearly 60 million persons had limited access to healthcare. In 2013, Health Affairs published the results of a study conducted by the RAND Corporation; the committee recommended that nurse-managed care centers could relieve the current pressures experienced by the primary care staff.   

        Because of the recommended provisions, educational opportunities for nurses will be less costly and burdensome. For example, at the hospital where I am employed, the tuition reimbursement amount has risen. Nurses will be more likely to pursue advanced degrees, and when they do achieve their goals, facilities will be available where they can practice advanced skills. 

  American Nurses Association, (2014). Health care reform. Retrieved from           www.nursingworld.org Health care reform law begins to have effect on nursing (2011). 

Retrieved from           http://www.rwif.org/en/library Hertel, R. (2011). Health care reform & issues in nursing. Matters.(2011). Stokowski, L. (2010). Healthcare reform and nurses: challenges and opportunities.      

     Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com National Nursing Centers Consortium. Nurse-managed health clinics.    

       Retrieved from https://www.nncc.us/images

 

Medication errors occur in all settings and may or may not cause an adverse drug event (ADE). Medications with complex dosing regimens and those given in specialty areas such as intensive care units, emergency departments, and diagnostic and interventional areas are associated with increased risk of ADEs (Hughes & Blegen, 2018).

There are lots of aspects to have in mind when making a strategy to provide a drug safety approach to patients. The best strategy needs to be the awareness of practitioners as any other provider to sharpen at all times the way we prescribe medications. We need to be consistent following the 5 Rs: right drug, right route, right time, right dose and right patient. It is very important to provide follow up to the patient to determine if the drug is working, being used appropriately and not harming the patient (https://nursejournal.org/, 2018). A lot of teaching needs to be implemented to the patient specifying the importance of compliance with treatment, side effects and adverse effects of the medications and purpose of the medication plan. Another aspect to mention is to be very informed about the patient’s history or if it is the case to make a good assessment to the patient including allergies, family history and having in mind and cultural aspects such as religion and ethnicity.

Another aspect is to know what medications is taking the patient at home, over the counter medications can interfere with the treatment and sometimes patients do not give the importance of this aspect. Patient and family members/caregivers need to be involved in the treatment and for that purpose we can hand them instructions, which can include side effects and interactions.

As family practitioner we are going to see all kind of patients from children to the elderly, so we need to have in mind that we need to tailor the medication regimen according to each patient needs.

Students need to acknowledge having read the course syllabus. 

I have read the course syllabus.

Reference

Action of Drugs | List of High Impact Articles | PPts | Journals | Videos. (2018). Omicsonline.org. Retrieved 12 January 2018, from https://www.omicsonline.org/scholarly/action-of-drugs-journals-articles-ppts-list.php

Cite a Website – Cite This For Me. (2018). Who.int. Retrieved 12 January 2018, from http://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/PSP_mpc_topic-11.pdf

Hughes, R., & Blegen, M. (2018). Medication Administration Safety. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 January 2018, fromhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2656/

https://nursejournal.org/, 2. (2018). The 5 Most Common Mistakes Made By New Nurses. Nursejournal.org. Retrieved 12 January 2018, from https://nursejournal.org/articles/the-5-most-common-mistakes-made-by-new-nurses/

Hello i need a Good and Positive Comment related with this argument .A paragraph  with no more  100 words.

 

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Ijeoma Igbokwe 

 

1 posts

 

Re:Topic 5 DQ 1

 

Reengineering could also mean reorganization or redesigning. Reengineering in healthcare system is done to improve the quality of care delivered to the patients and family members. (Science Life, 2015) The goal of this process is to give the healthcare teams a clearer insight of what the patient and family members want, to improve the quality and safety of the patients, and raise their satisfaction level. (Science Life, 2015) Nurses are in frontline delivering services, they play a very important role in patients’ care; nursing leaders and managers have the responsibility to enhance communication to ensure a smooth transition.

 

Every nurse leader and manager must be able to recognize the need for a change in the unit where they work, (Edens, 2005) because the first step in the process of implementation of change is to recognize the need for a change or regrouping.

 

Nurse leaders coordinate the care given to the patients, by collaborating with interdisciplinary teams. They identify risk-analysis strategies and resources needed to ensure a safe and more effective care provided to the patients. Nursing managers relies on patient-centered, evidenced -based practice and performance data, to enhance the quality of care provided, which is the purpose of reengineering. (RWJF, 2009), because patient outcome is the center of reorganization.

 

Nurse leaders define the way care is provided, and they function as mentors and educators to the nurses. They help to inform and train nurses on the new policy and procedures of the organization

 

Nurse managers and leaders act as middle-person between the nurses and the organization. Nurse managers relay the concerns and needs of nurses to the organization for solution. Staff nurses could also benefit from change; therefore, nurse mangers could advocate for the nurses to ensure harmony.

 

 

 

 

 

I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

Name two different methods for evaluating evidence. Compare and contrast these two methods.

 

When it comes to evaluating evidence there are many different methods to use. Two of the many ones that I have seen being used the most are meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Meta-analyses is “a method for systematically combining pertinent qualitative and quantitative study data from several selected studies to develop a single conclusion that has greater statistical power.”(Guyatt,1994) Systematic review is defined as “are types of literature reviews that collect and critically analyze multiple research studies or papers, using methods that are selected before one or more research questions are formulated, and then finding and analyzing studies that relate to and answer those questions in a structured methodology.”(Jadad,1996) Both of these methods are effective when evaluating evidence but both have their own pros and cons. First meta-analyses is more of a controlled research so the results can swayed one way or the other. Systemic review is good at reducing bias by identifying, appraising, and synthesizing all relevant studies on a particular. Both a pretty quick at getting results but each have their own issues. Disadvantages of both are “use of summary data rather than individual

data and inclusion and exclusion criteria may not be detailed.”(Reade,2008) 

Reference:

 

Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Sinclair JC, Hayward R, Cook DJ, Cook RJ. User’s guide to the medical literature. IX. A method for grading health care recommendations. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA. 1995

 

Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials. 1996

 

Reade MC, Delaney A, Bailey MJ, Angus DC. Bench-to-bedside review: avoiding pitfalls in critical care meta-analysis–funnel plots, risk estimates, types of heterogeneity, baseline risk and the ecologic fallacy. Crit Care. 2008;12(4):220. doi: 10.1186/cc6941. Epub 2008 Jul 25.