WK2CLT


Write 150 words on your thoughts about criminal conspiracy? agree or disagree? What you thought was interesting after reading below? pick a case that realtes to this discussion, no title page, cite, and refernces

 

CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY

 

criminal conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to commit or to effect the commission of an unlawful act or to use unlawful means to accomplish an act that is not unlawful. The notion of conspiracy was first formulated by the English Star Chamber in 1611. Under English common law, the term had much the same meaning as it does today. However, while conspiracy was generally considered to be a misdemeanor under common law, most states and the federal government today classify it as a felony. The U.S. Supreme Court has said that “the agreement to commit an unlawful act is a distinct evil, which may exist and be punished whether or not the substantive crime ensues.”39

criminal conspiracy

An agreement between two or more people to commit or to effect the commission of an unlawful act or to use unlawful means to accomplish an act that is not unlawful.

The Commentaries on the Model Penal Code state, “Conspiracy as an offense has two different aspects, reflecting the different functions it serves in the legal system. In the first place, conspiracy is an inchoate crime, complementing the provisions dealing with attempt and solicitation in reaching preparatory conduct before it has matured into commission of a substantive offense. Second, it is a means of striking against the special danger incident to group activity, facilitating prosecution of the group, and yielding a basis for imposing added penalties when combination is involved.”

According to legal commentator Paul Marcus, striking changes in criminal conspiracy prosecutions during the past two decades include an enormous growth in the number of cases involving many defendants, an increase in the prevalence of complex evidentiary issues, and increasingly complicated charges brought against defendants in conspiracy cases.40 Cases he cites as examples include (1) United States v. Casamento (1989),41 involving 21 defendants, 275 witnesses, and 40,000 pages of transcripts; (2) United States v. Ianniello (1989),42 a 13-month trial with 11 defendants; (3) United States v. Kopituk (1982),43 a case that had 12 defendants and 130 witnesses; and (4) United States v. Martino (1981),44 with 20 defendants and more than 200 witnesses. Many of today’s conspiracy cases involve drug trafficking, in which several people agree to work in concert to manufacture, transport, and distribute controlled substances.

CRJ 331- Case Study 1: Deviant Behaviors

Donald Sterling, an American businessman and attorney, was the owner of the Los Angeles Clippers, a professional basketball franchise of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1981 to 2014. In April 2014, Sterling was banned for life from the NBA after private recordings of him making racist comments were made public. In this case study, you will investigate the manner in which social controls may have helped or hurt Sterling in his fight to maintain ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. 

Read the article titled “Donald Sterling built an empire and an image; words were his undoing”, located at: http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-donald-sterling-20140803-story.html.

Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:

  1. Determine whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Provide a rationale to support your position.
  2. Debate whether you believe that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age support the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Next, support or criticize whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age are reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Provide support for your response.
  3. Argue for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have deterred Sterling’s behavior. Next, specify whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Provide a rationale to support your response.
  4. The $2.5 million fine that the NBA imposed on Donald Sterling was a formal sanction for his comments. Considering the fine, elaborate on the primary manner in which this formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Justify your response.
  5. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar type Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format.

 Case Study 1: Deviant Behaviors

Criteria

 

Unacceptable

Below 60% F

Meets Minimum Expectations

60-69% D

 

Fair

70-79% C

 

Proficient

80-89% B

 

Exemplary

90-100% A

1. Determine whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Provide a rationale to support your position.

Weight: 10%

Did not submit or incompletely determined whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale to support your position.

Insufficiently determined whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Insufficiently provided a rationale to support your position.

Partially determined whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Partially provided a rationale to support your position.

Satisfactorily determined whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Satisfactorily provided a rationale to support your position.

Thoroughly determined whether or not you believe social controls played a significant role in Donald Sterling’s loss of ownership of the Los Angeles Clippers. Thoroughly provided a rationale to support your position.

2. Debate whether you believe that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age support the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Next, support or criticize whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age are reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Provide support for your response.
Weight: 25%

Did not submit or incompletely debated whether you believed that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age supported the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Did not submit or incompletely supported or criticized whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age were reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Did not submit or incompletely provided support for your response.

Insufficiently debated whether you believed that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age supported the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Insufficiently supported or criticized whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age were reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Insufficiently provided support for your response.

Partially debated whether you believed that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age supported the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Partially supported or criticized whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age were reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Partially provided support for your response.

Satisfactorily debated whether you believed that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age supported the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Satisfactorily supported or criticized whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age were reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Satisfactorily provided support for your response.

Thoroughly debated whether you believed that the social norms for men of Sterling’s age supported the use of derogatory language when discussing a member of another race. Thoroughly supported or criticized whether the social norms of men Sterling’s age were reasonable in a very “politically correct” society. Thoroughly provided support for your response.

3. Argue for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have deterred Sterling’s behavior. Next, specify whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Provide a rationale to support your response.

Weight: 25%

Did not submit or incompletely argued for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have  deterred Sterling’s behavior. Did not submit or incompletely specified whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale to support your response.

Insufficiently argued for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have deterred Sterling’s behavior. Insufficiently specified whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Insufficiently provided a rationale to support your response.

Partially argued for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have deterred Sterling’s behavior. Partially specified whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Partially provided a rationale to support your response.

Satisfactorily argued for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have deterred Sterling’s behavior. Satisfactorily specified whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Satisfactorily provided a rationale to support your response.

Thoroughly argued for or against the theory that an “informal sanction” (i.e., ostracism by peers) would have deterred Sterling’s behavior. Thoroughly specified whether or not the “informal sanctions” would have satisfied anyone who was offended by his comments. Thoroughly provided a rationale to support your response.

4. The $2.5 million fine that the NBA imposed on Donald Sterling was a formal sanction for his comments. Considering the fine, elaborate on the primary manner in which this formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Justify your response.

Weight: 25%

Did not submit or incompletely elaborated on the primary manner in which the formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Did not submit or incompletely justified your response.

Insufficiently elaborated on the primary manner in which the formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Insufficiently justified your response.

Partially elaborated on the primary manner in which the formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Partially justified your response.

Satisfactorily elaborated on the primary manner in which the formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Satisfactorily justified your response.

Thoroughly elaborated on the primary manner in which the formal sanction carried out the purpose of protecting the players and the league. Thoroughly justified your response.

5. 3 references

Weight: 5%

No references provided

Does not meet the required number of references; all references poor quality choices.

Does not meet the required number of references; some references poor quality choices.

Meets number of required references; all references high quality choices.

Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices.

6. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements

Weight: 10%

More than 8 errors present

7-8 errors present

5-6 errors present

3-4 errors present

0-2 errors present

 

CRJ100

Assignment 1: Modern Day Policing and Society: Where Are We Headed?

Due Week 4 and worth 200 points

In this course we have been learning about the different eras of policing from the inception of the first police force in 1829 to the current era of policing today. Based on the current climate, there is a level of distrust today between the police and the public. Riots, marches, and protests in response to high-profile police shootings have eroded the relationships that were built through community policing. With the hopes of improving police efficiency and finding new approaches to working together with the public, the country is again ready for a new era of policing. 

Use the Internet and your textbook to research the different eras of policing up until today. Based on the role and function of police officers changing over the years, address the questions below relative to the current state of policing and where we are headed in the future. As an optional component of this assignment for extra credit, you may also interview a law enforcement professional to get his/her explanation on this topic.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

  1. Examine at least (2) of the eras of policing and discuss their main strengths and weaknesses.  
  2. Examine at least two (2) issues facing law enforcement today and explain the impact both of these issues have on social order.
  3. Take a position on where law enforcement is headed in the next five (5) years. Discuss what you believe the future of policing looks like, and the main challenges you think law enforcement will face.
  4. Describe the role of the public in cooperation with the police, as you see it, in the near future in order to improve the relationship between these groups and to optimally work together in facing the future challenges you identified.
  5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Distinguish the relationship of criminal justice to social justice and the wider notion of equity and fairness.
  • Summarize the mission of law enforcement in democratic societies and describe the structure of American policing today.
  • Summarize the current ethical issues faced by criminal justice professionals and future of the criminal justice system.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in criminal justice.
  • Write clearly and concisely about criminal justice using proper writing mechanics and APA style conventions.

W3CLEPC

 

Read the transcript below. In 150 words what is the video about? What was interesting about video? Did you learn anything knew? Was anything that thought was wrong? Do have example show you understand what Probale cause is? Explain. Do not need title page. I need cite and reference to support your answer 

 

 

All rise.

For many of us, our knowledge of the criminaljustice system comes from watching television ora movie. But real life issues may be treated quitedifferently. When a society and its governmentdecide that certain conduct is dangerous to itscitizens, such conduct is called a crime.Punishment comes through a sanction such asfines, imprisonment, probation, communityservice, or a combination of those. Most crimesare identified in laws that have been enacted byfederal, state, and local governments in responseto issues that affect that jurisdiction.

Some actions have been unlawful for thousandsof years. Others were outlawed, but are now legal.And then there are things people do that are legalin some places, but not in others. And while statesdiffer somewhat in their judicial systems, thereare norms and similarities. And just as citizens arebound by certain laws, those who enforce the laware bound by common procedures and rules,guaranteeing every citizen the rights andprotections known as due process. This is thestory of the American criminal justice system.

To fully understand the problem of crime in theUnited States, it is important to have someknowledge of the criminal justice process.

He had a TV in his arms–

What happens when someone reports a crime topolice? The path from the reporting to the finalsettlement is long and complex. The USConstitution is the primary source of law in theUnited States. It guarantees certain rights toindividuals. For instance, we are entitled to a trialby jury.

Sheriff’s Office.

The Fourth Amendment ensures that citizenshave the right to be secure against unreasonablesearches and seizures. The Fifth Amendmentprevents us from being charged with the samecrime twice.

I think that you were trying to pin this case onyour brother–

And the Eighth Amendment protects the accusedfrom unreasonable bail and finds. Beyond federallaws, each state and local jurisdiction has its ownseparate statutes.

We often find ourselves in need of legislation toaddress some of the ills of a modern day society.

All criminal law now in every state and federalgovernment is statutory, made by either Congressor state legislatures. And the states are free anytime, the state legislatures are free to change thestatutes at any point, repeal them, add new ones.And then, of course, judges interpret and construestatutory enactments, which is the function of theJudiciary. So laws really get shaped in those twoways.

There was a van come up and we noticed it–

Criminal justice policy is a means for society toprovide an objective set of rules for governingconduct and maintaining order, as well as raisingpublic confidence that the system is fair and willprotect the law abiding citizen.

Crimes are often divided into three types–infractions, misdemeanors, and felonies.Infractions are the least serious. They arepunishable by fines only, and the fines are usuallyless than $1,000. For instance, traffic tickets orcitations for disturbing the peace are consideredinfractions. Misdemeanors can involve jail time aswell as fines, however jail time is generally lessthan a year. Common misdemeanors includingdriving under the influence and simple assault.Felonies are the most serious category of crimesand are punishable by a minimum of a year in jail,and can include higher fines. Examples includemurder or robbery.

Generally speaking in the law, all states aredifferent on how you describe crimes and theircriminal codes. Generally speaking, a first degreefelony is more severe than a second degree or athird degree. And normally, those crimes usuallyhave longer potential sentences in a statecorrectional facility.

Another way crimes are categorized is by thenature of the crime– who or what was targeted,and what kind of harm resulted. Crimes maybeagainst a person, against a property, or againstsociety.

Crimes against a person are traditionally crimes ofviolence– some violent physical contact, whetherit’s a shooting, and stabbing, a sexual assault. Wethink about crimes against persons as crimesagainst violence. And usually they’re considered alot more serious.

Crimes against property, we think in terms ofsomeone committing a larceny, that is the takingof some sort of property. It can also be waytrespassing on property. Embezzlement is a formof the taking of property, embezzling moneys.

In today’s world is getting a lot more complicatedwith technology and the internet. We see moreand more electronic crimes of stealing youridentity and racking up your American Expresscard, or taking your money out the bank, orcreating a false identity and getting a lot of creditin your name. So the crimes against property arechanging and becoming more complex.

I mean crimes against society in general, we thinkof maybe persons who are committing gamingcrimes, election fraud, things of that nature wheresociety, itself may suffer the ills of that crime.

Most states separate the crime of murder into twocategories– First degree, and second degree.What distinguishes one from the other is whetherit is willful, deliberate, and premeditated.

Willful, deliberate, and premeditated, murder isdistinguished from– that’s first degreedistinguished from second degree– which isdefined as coming with malice of forethought. Inorder to deliberate and premeditate you have tothink about the act in advance. There has to bereflection, some kind of deliberate process, whereyou are aware of what you’re about to do.

Murder without malice or anger is manslaughter.And it can be either voluntary or involuntary.

If it’s voluntary manslaughter it is required thatthere be an actual intent to kill. In other words,it’s voluntary. It’s an act where you actuallyintended the harm to occur. If it’s an involuntarymanslaughter, it is an act that occurs while you’recommitting another crime, but you did not intendfor someone to die. So for example, if you’redriving a car at a high rate of speed that’sunlawful, and in the commission of that act youdrive into another car and cause the death of anindividual, then that is something that wouldseem to be an involuntary manslaughter, or verywell could be. Because there really wasn’t anintention to go out and harm someone, but that’sa consequence of the other illegal act. It isn’t justthe act that matters. The intent behind the act isalso considered. It is important to know themental state of the suspect when the act iscommitted.

Well, there are two elements to every crime. Oneis what the Latin refers to as the actus reus. Andthe other is the mens rea. The actus reus is theact. You have to do something that the legislaturehas defined as harmful and asocial, which wouldbe killing a human being in the context ofhomicide. And then the mental state that goesalong with that is the mens rea, which is whatreally makes the act culpable.

And so from property crimes to crimes against aperson, from the elements of a crime to thethousands of laws that define them, the criminaljustice system is set in motion by the discovery orreport of a possible crime.

The police are the first line of the criminal justicesystem. They may learn that a crime has beencommitted through a 9/11 call, a security alarm,officers on patrol, or any number of other ways.Once they arrive at the scene the respondingofficers will secure the area to prevent anyonefrom disturbing anything. The investigationusually includes determining whether a crime wasactually committed, gathering evidence, andtaking statements from victims and eyewitness.

Initially everybody’s going to be questioned in acrime scene. Investigators want to find out howthe witnesses knew the victims, or the suspects,or anybody else involved. They want to know howwell they knew them, what the relationship is,want to know what they saw, as it relates to the incident that occurred. They also will then findout if a person was very intimately aware of whatwas going on, or has information that will helpsolve the crime. They’re probably going toquestion that person more intensely.

We’ve seen crime shows on TV where policeofficers intimidate a suspect until it breaks downand confesses. However, if there’s adequate proofof police abuse during interrogation, theconfession will be ruled inadmissible in court.

The police are not allowed to rough up a suspect.We’re not allowed to intimidate someone withphysical violence, or the threat of physicalviolence. That’s a coerced confession, or acoerced statement, is not going to allowable bythe court. So it does us no good to try if it doesn’tactually get us closer to catching the bad guy.

While the use of physical abuse is strictlyprohibited, police do have some leeway whenconducting an interview.

A lot of times a police also will use deception in aninterview with someone they believe is beingdishonest. An honest person being interviewedhas nothing to fear. The police are going to behonest generally with an honest person. Once weknow that person’s being truthful with us, wewould like to be able to help them as much asthey’re able to help us. But for those who are lyingabout what they’ve done or what they’ve seenothers do, we can use to deception. It’s oftenuseful when someone, especially a suspect,begins to fear that they have left evidence behindthe scene, or that there were more witnesses thanthey and they knew existed, that there was someother clue that would point us toward them.When they begin to fear that there’s some waythat they’re going to be caught outside of theirconfession it begins to force them into lying tocover their tracks. And those lies often are whatgets tangled around their feet. And we’re able to use that against them.

The police may ask questions to gain information,leads on other suspects, or even a confession. Butthe suspect doesn’t have to answer anyquestions. Everyone has a constitutional right tosilence.

The Fifth Amendment to the United StatesConstitution was written by our Founding Fathersback in the 1700’s at a time when either lawenforcement officers, or the British military, wereinterrogating suspects abusively. Various meansof pressuring or coercing confessions, sometimeswith torture. So what the Founding Fathers did isthey wrote in to the Fifth Amendment to theConstitution a protection against selfincrimination, the right to remain silent.

So when should a person being question talk?And when should they remain silent? Mostlawyers say to never talked to the police withoutan attorney present, even when innocent. Mostpeople have never been questioned by the policeand are unfamiliar with the techniques andmethods used. Meanwhile, police detectivesreceive extensive training on how to getconfessions from suspects. Police are taught touse various techniques when questioning asuspect to elicit admissions and condemninginformation.

[POLICE SIREN]

Hey! What are you doing?

Now if the police have a reasonable suspicion thata person is involved in a crime, whether theymatch the suspect’s description, or their behaviora suspicious, or it looks like they’re carrying aconcealed weapon, they could pass the persondown for their own protection. And sometimes,that may lead to an arrest.

We have members of law enforcement who are onthe street that investigate crimes and have tomake decisions every day about who’s going toget arrested, or who they’re going to investigate.And then the next level is prosecutors, state andlocal prosecutors, who have again a separate andindependent role in deciding what’s the rightthing to do. And at times we may disagree withlaw enforcement. There’s case law out there thatsays a prosecutor’s role is primarily the fairadministration of justice.

The courts have ruled that evidence found duringa routine frisk may be admissible against thesuspect if the officer had probable cause tobelieve the suspect might be carrying a weapon.The police investigation often includesexamination of physical evidence at the scene ofthe crime. However, if they want to look inside ahouse, they will need a search warrant, thanks tothe Fourth Amendment to the Constitution, whichprohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.That includes a car or a business.

A police officer, for example, will come to ajudicial officer and ask that you authorize them tosearch someone’s house or someone’s business.And whenever a judicial officer looks at thatrequest it is very important to look at– usually it’sunder the oath of the officer who is seeking it– tolook and make sure that they described alocation. And that they provided enoughinformation in there so that you believe thatthere’s actually criminal activity that is going on,such that law enforcement should be allowed togo in and abate or explore that possibility.

Now, a juveniles right to be free of unreasonablesearches and seizures varies from an adults. Atschool the student’s locker may be searched anytime without consent. And a parent can giveconsent to search a juveniles room at home.

There are differences in the laws regarding adultsand juveniles in criminal cases. Juveniles, exceptfor the most serious offenses, are entitled toproceedings in juvenile court, which is supposedto be more rehabilitative, and less punitive, somore focused towards treatment and counseling,as opposed to long sentences in custody.

But, even armed with a search warrant, the policecan’t just break down a door. The knock andannounce rule requires officers to make theirpresence known, and state the purpose of theirarrival. An exception to the knock and announcerule is what’s known as the exigentcircumstances, circumstances that demandimmediate action, like for a hot pursuit. If acriminal flees the scene of a crime and the policeofficer follows him, the officer has the right toenter a property in which the criminal has soughtshelter. And because time may also be a factor,that applies to vehicle searches. So if a person hasbeen validly but they stopped and the police haveprobable cause to believe the car containscontraband or evidence, they can search it. And ifthe police have probable cause to search the car,all compartments and packages that may containthe evidence, or contraband, are fair game.

Many officers will stop a car for various trafficreasons. And then they’ll ask to search everyvehicle that they stop. And some people will allowthe officers to search. And occasionally it turns upevidence of a crime. But an officer has the right tosearch in a vehicle he has stopped when he sees,or smells drugs, or other evidence of a crime inthat vehicle. And he’s allowed to search thatvehicle, right then, on scene, without a searchwarrant, or detain the vehicle long enough to seeka search warrant if there is a perhaps problemcause that he believes he’d like to search warrant to search more compartments.

While the police officer can’t search a car simplybecause the car was stopped for traffic infraction,the police can order the driver and anypassengers out of the car for safetyconsiderations, even though there was nosuspicion of criminal wrong doing, other than thetraffic infraction. The police can also frisk theoccupants for weapons if the officers have areasonable suspicion that the occupants areinvolved in criminal activity, and are reasonablyconcerned for their safety. And what about yourtrash? According to the US Supreme Court, yourgarbage is fair game. Once papers, or contrabandhave been thrown into a trash receptacle it isconsidered abandoned. And anyone, includingpolice, can look through it and claim ownership.

In our country, in our criminal justice system, wehave rules that the government has to follow tomake sure that people are not abused and theirinnocence protected, while at the same timemaking sure that we keep law and order in oursociety and people are safe in their homes andproperty. So we have rules. And as a prosecutor,we understand the reality the situation is– whenwe’re doing a criminal investigation, lawenforcement is– if certain rules are violated,there’s penalties to pay. And if law enforcementdoesn’t follow the rules, or we don’t follow therules, we could lose valuable evidence that, quitefrankly, can prevent us from achieving aconviction of someone that we have a good faithbase has committed a crime. So the rules areimportant to follow. And the rules are there tomake sure that we uphold the Constitution andtreat people fairly.

When the facts and circumstances give police areasonable belief that a person has committed acrime, that person is usually taken into custodyand arrested. Probable cause is what a policeofficer needs to arrest someone. And it may arisefrom any number of different facts andcircumstances.

If I saw a man climbing out of a business window,a shattered window, see somebody crawling out,and he’s carrying television with him, I think thatI’ve got reasonable suspicion to stop that personand investigate. And if they’re not the businessowner, or an employee cleaning up from a mess, ifI can’t determine they had a legitimate reason tobe there, I have probably cause to arrest them forbreaking into the store and the stealing items.

Without probable cause police need an arrestwarrant, a legal document issued by a judge ormagistrate. The warrant typically identifies thecrime committed, identifies the individualsuspected of committing a crime, specifies thelocation where the individual may be found, andgives a police officer permission to arrest theperson identified in the warrant.

That officer would go and get a criminalcomplaint and if the judge looks at it says, OK, Ibelieve there’s enough evidence here to supportthis, the judge would sign off of it, issue a warrant,and then the officer could go out and arrest anindividual. And deprive them of their liberty, putthem in cuffs, take them to jail for a period of timeuntil they have a hearing.

A warrant-less arrest is one of those more specialcircumstances that if an officer is responding to acall, and actually sees a crime being committed,and it’s one of those fluid situations– it could be aserious violent crime, like if an officer goes toconvenience store and there’s a robbery, and theperson’s running out– it’s not practical for thatofficer to go call a judge and get a complaint. Thatperson needs to be taken into custodyimmediately because it could be a public threat,the threat of a flight running. So that’s when theycan justify warrant-less arrest. And they can arrestyou. And then they take you quickly to a judge.And then they have to do the complaint. And it’s a pretty quick process.

At every stage of the criminal process, includingarrest, police must protect the citizensconstitutional rights.

What we do really is the American Constitution inaction. It’s every day, whether I’m taking a plea ofguilty from someone who’s negotiated thisthrough their attorney with the state, or whether Iam presiding over a trial, it’s my job to makecertain that the rights that are guaranteed tothem have been followed. And that theyunderstand, especially when their waiving thoserights, what those rights are.

If these rights are violated a court may deemarrest unlawful and order the case dismissed. Orcertain evidence maybe thrown out of the case.When the police arrest someone, a specific seriesof events follows. The police must follow legalprocedures during the actual arrest process, andall through the process of actually placing asuspect in jail.

One of the most well-known constitutionalprotections is the right to receive the MirandaWarning, a protection that comes from the fifthAmendment, and applies to both adults andjuveniles. To be given the Miranda Warning is tobe told that you have the right to remain silent,that anything you say can be used as evidence,that you have the right to an attorney, and that ifyou can’t afford an attorney, one will beappointed for you.

Police are required by our courts to give a MirandaWarning. And a Miranda Warning is basicallyeducating a person under arrest as to what theirrights are. Because the courts want us to makesure that people know what the rights are beforethey wave them, like the right to remain silent.And if they wave them and talk to us, then we canuse what they say against them in court.

So you live at Renaissance Circle?

The same rules apply when the situation involvesthe questioning of a minor. However the SupremeCourt has ruled the police must take a person’sage into account when determining whether thecircumstances of the case merit a Mirandanotification. In many states, when police take ajuvenile, that as a person under the age of 18, intocustody for interrogation there are sometimesadditional safeguards. Some states will require, atleast for very young children, that a parent bepresent, or a lawyer be present. So there areadditional safeguards in most states, in mostjurisdictions, when juveniles are involved.

You understand that you are under arrest rightnow for breaking and entering, you understandthat?

Yes sir.

The Miranda Warning must be given when thesuspect is in custody. In other words, when he orshe is a arrested, in handcuffs, or otherwise notfree to leave. To decide whether police haveplaced a person in custody courts will examinethe facts to determine if a reasonable personwould have felt they could leave this situation orinterrogation. When the questioning is forbackground and information only, without factorsindicating the person is under arrest, suchquestioning can take place without the prioradvisement of Miranda.

Someone is detained or in custody if they arebeing stopped by the police, and maybe just forinvestigative purposes, or like a traffic violation,something to that effect. But they’re only underarrest once the officer has developed probablecause that the person has committed a crime forwhich they are going to be immediately charged.Or if a person is stopped, pursuant to an arrestwarrant, where they’ve already been charged andthe officer’s stopping to take them before a judge,or take them to jail. Detention occurs very often. Itcould just be for someone’s suspicious behavior,while the officer determines whether or notthere’s a criminal act occurring. Or if theymatched the description of a suspect who has fledfrom the scene of the crime, they may be detainedlong enough to determine whether or not theywere truly involved in that incident, or if they arethe suspect for which we were looking. Butthey’re not under arrest at that time.

During the booking process the police will last forbasic information, such as address and birth date.Fingerprints and photographs are also taken.Police may ask for a blood sample, or evenstrands of hair, both for DNA testing. Thisevidence is then used to match evidence left atthe crime scene.

DNA is, of course, present in most all of our cells.There are certain cells that as they mature, theylose certain types of DNA. But for the most part,every cell within our body, we have the same DNAthat we inherited from our mom and from ourdad. So we can use that DNA to identify anindividual. And so what we would like to do isobtain the sample from the crime scene, againmaintain a chain of custody with that sample, Andthen when we get it to the laboratory, we removethe DNA from the host cell in which it resides.Then we take and purify the DNA and analyze it.We use very sophisticated equipment to do thisanalysis. But at the end of the process wedetermine a DNA profile. The DNA a profileborders on being unique. We use statistics thatthe chance of a random individual having thatvery same DNA a profile is one in quadrillions, orone in trillions. So it’s a very unique identifier forthis type evidence.

The suspect may also be asked to participate in apolice lineup.

Misidentification is a real problem. And so wedeveloped some rules to deal with that. The onethat’s most effective, is that if the criminal processhas begun– that means that the suspect, thearrestee has been taken before a judge ormagistrate to be arraigned, or what we call theinitial appearance– and then the identificationprocess comes after that. Then they are entitledto a lawyer.

For evidence from a line up to be admissible incourt the lineup, itself, must be conducted fairly.The police may not say or do anything thatpersuades the witness to identify the suspect thatthey prefer. This includes loading the lineup withpeople who look very dissimilar to the suspect.Once the arrest is made, the prosecutor has only ashort time to decide what formal charges to bringagainst the suspect. An arraignment is then held,which is the first phase of a criminal case afterarrest. That is where a suspect sees a judge, and isread the charges. Legal injunctions, likerestraining orders, are issued at that time. Andother applications to the court are made.

After a person is charged with a crime then it isvery important that they are taken before ajudicial officer. It should be without anyunreasonable delay. And that’s very important.Because oftentimes judicial judges, such asmyself, are asked to consider not allowing aconfession to be heard by a jury. Because lawenforcement has had someone in custody, afteran arrest and have not taken them before ajudicial officer, who will then read them theirwrites, advise them of their right to counsel,explain the charges to them, and explain how theprocedures will go forward.

After the arraignment, the suspect may bereleased on a promise to appear in court, or thesuspect may be sent to jail. If released, the judgemay set bail, which is money you pay to the courtin order to ensure that you will appear in courtwhen told to do so.

The personal recognizance bond is simply apromised to appear and the threat of a penalty beimposed, or a steep fine being imposed, or bondbeing imposed, after the fact, if the person fails toappear. So it often hinges on the seriousness ofthe offense, the likelihood that the person willcomply with the conditions of bond. That is, obeylaw and appear in court, as required.

If you do appear, as required, the bail will berefunded to you. If you do not show up, the courtkeeps the money, and can issue a warrant for yourarrest.

Understanding all the ways in which the criminaljustice system operates is sometimes difficult. It isa large and far reaching segment of American life.However, laws, investigations, evidence, warrants,Miranda warnings, they are all part of a process toensure that the criminal justice system is fair andbalanced.

The quality of life of our community is not onlyprosecuting crime and keeping crime down. Butit’s also making sure that we have a communitywhere people are treated fairly. And people, ifthey are being investigated, or if they’re beingaccused of doing something wrong, they wouldhave the confidence of knowing that they’ll betreated fairly. And there will be a professionalprocess reviewing it.

From constitutional laws to state and localstatutes, from search warrants to arrest warrants,the system carefully balances the rights of theaccused with the rights of the victims, as well asthe safety of individual citizens. In an ideal world,legal authority would never have to be exercised.However, the threat of its use is a foundation ofany law abiding society.

Examining the Exclusionary Rule

Part 1: 3-5 paragraphs       

You and your partner are members of a narcotics street unit. Your partner is eager to make a bust and is very motivated and exuberant. During your street prowl you pick up a local prostitute who your partner immediately shakes down and finds a vial of cocaine in her purse. At the time she was not under arrest and was not asked for consent to the search. Before you can respond he tells her that if she sets up her dealer she will not get busted for the cocaine possession. Your partner then tells her that if the dealer is not holding any cocaine she is to plant the vial of cocaine in his pocket so the police can find it there when they do the arrest.

Please include answers in your main posting for the following questions. Support your answers with your research. You must provide meaningful feedback to the main postings of at least two of your classmates.

  • Identify the issues your partner has that relate to the exclusionary rule.
  • What aspects of this action may shock the conscience of the court?
  • What ensuing evidence found based on this operation may be discarded as “Fruit of the Poisonous Tree”.

Part 2:

You are an investigator with the District Attorney’s Investigation Team for a major metropolitan area. You are one of the recently hired 16 new investigators that will be sprinkled throughout the department. All 16 of you have had little time as investigators and the Chief’s concern is that you all are properly trained in issues of the exclusionary rule to avoid problems later on during investigations. This is a political hot potato because these are supposed to be the best investigators in the jurisdiction. Your goal is to develop a 5-6 page white paper that outlines concerns for Exclusionary Rule issues.

In a white paper of 5-6 pages to be presented to the newly assigned investigators, please include responses to the bulleted issues listed below. It is critical that when you make a statement of fact in your presentation that you cite the reference you obtained the information from in the text of the paper and that the reference is included in your reference page. As always your paper will be submitted in the APA format current edition. No abstract is required as this is a short position paper but a title page, reference page, and appropriate running header with page numbers are necessary.

  • Assignment Guidelines
  • Address the following in 5-6 pages:
    • Describe the “Exclusionary Rule” and what it is meant to protect the citizens of this country from.
      • What are the benefits of the Exclusionary Rule? Explain.
    • Identify at least two methods of demonstrative evidence which would explain the concept of “Best Evidence”. You may use scenarios to describe the theory of Best Evidence.
    • Explain to the newly appointed investigators the absolute adherence to avoiding any evidentiary issue that would result in a “Fruit of the Poisonous Tree” violation. Explain the ramifications and results of such a violation. Use at least two scenarios to demonstrate this issue.
    • Explain to the new investigators the idea behind the courts displeasure with issues like the Christian Burial Speech. What might it mean in the long run to a serious case just as it did with Brewer v. Williams.
    • Explain the types of behavior that may result in the application of the Shocking the Conscience of the Court Test. Provide at least one scenario as demonstrative instruction.
    • Provide instruction that coercion is a clear violation of the constitution. What areas are violated and what types of behavior are considered coercion.
    • What are the liabilities of the Exclusionary Rule? Explain.
      • What types of errors can occur? Explain
      • What ramifications can result from these errors? Explain.
  • Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.

CRJ 310 Assignment 1: Foundations of the Development and Functions of Police, Draft

To understand contemporary policing in America, it is essential to understand the history by looking at the past eras. The police have day-to-day practices influenced by deeply ingrained traditions.  It’s also necessary to comprehend how an officer’s career begins, from the academy to the street. The effective partnership between the police and the community must also be understood to better appreciate the development and functions of police. 

Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:

  1. Compare and contrast the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing. 
  2. Identify the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and explain the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.
  3. Provide your own definition of community-policing and explain the difference between community policing and traditional policing.
  4. Critically examine the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.
  5. Determine the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Provide a rationale for your response.
  6. Use at least four (4) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format.

 

Points: 200

Assignment 1: Foundations of the Development and Functions of Police, Draft

Criteria

 

Unacceptable

Below 60% F

Meets Minimum Expectations

60-69% D

 

Fair

70-79% C

 

Proficient

80-89% B

 

Exemplary

90-100% A

1. Compare and contrast the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.

Weight: 20%

Did not submit or incompletely compared and contrasted the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.

Insufficiently compared and contrasted the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.

Partially compared and contrasted the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.

Satisfactorily compared and contrasted the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.

Thoroughly compared and contrasted the major characteristics of the political and reform eras of policing.

2. Identify the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and explain the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.
Weight: 15%

Did not submit or incompletely Identified the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and did not submit or incompletely explained the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.

Insufficiently Identified the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and insufficiently explained the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.

Partially Identified the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and partially explained the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.

Satisfactorily Identified the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and satisfactorily explained the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.

Thoroughly Identified the skills and knowledge that are imparted to police trainees during their academy training and thoroughly explained the importance of these skills in relation to real world applications.

3. Provide your own definition of community-policing and explain the difference between community policing and traditional policing.

Weight: 15%

Did not submit or incompletely provided your own definition of community-policing and did not submit or incompletely explained the difference between community policing and traditional policing.

Insufficiently provided your own definition of community-policing and insufficiently explained the difference between community policing and traditional policing.

Partially provided your own definition of community-policing and partially explained the difference between community policing and traditional policing.

Satisfactorily provided your own definition of community-policing and satisfactorily explained the difference between community policing and traditional policing.

Thoroughly provided your own definition of community-policing and thoroughly explained the difference between community policing and traditional policing.

4. Critically examine the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.

Weight: 20%

Did not submit or incompletely examined critically the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.

Insufficiently examined critically the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.

Partially examined critically the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.

Satisfactorily examined critically the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.

Thoroughly examined critically the important elements of implementation and evaluation phases of community policing and problem solving.

5.  Determine the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Provide a rationale for your response..

Weight: 15%

Did not submit or incompletely determined the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale for your response.

Insufficiently incompletely determined the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Insufficiently provided a rationale for your response.

Partially determined the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Partially provided a rationale for your response.

Satisfactorily determined the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Satisfactorily provided a rationale for your response.

Thoroughly determined the top five (5) qualities that detectives and undercover officers need to possess (one [1] being the most important). Thoroughly provided a rationale for your response.

6. 4 references

Weight: 5%

No references provided

Does not meet the required number of references; all references poor quality choices.

Does not meet the required number of references; some references poor quality choices.

Meets number of required references; all references high quality choices.

Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices.

7. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements

Weight: 10%

More than 8 errors present

7-8 errors present

5-6 errors present

3-4 errors present

0-2 errors present

Help with Criminal Justice

Instructions

Project 1: Resource Research and Review

No directly quoted material may be used in this project paper. Resources should be summarized or paraphrased with appropriate in-text and Resource page citations.

Project 1 is designed to help prepare you for the final project at the end of the semester.  You will notice that, for your final project in this course, you will be asked to trace a crime or criminal incident through the adult criminal justice system, from initial arrest to the eventual return to the community following incarceration. As you work on the final project, you will encounter numerous decision points or stages in the system. Project 1 will assist you in preparing for your final project by introducing you to topic research. You may then use the results of this project to support your final project paper. 

 Project 1 Assignment: 

Using the designated topic listed below (see, Topics), you will search the UMUC Library Services databases and the Internet for resource material that explains, clarifies, critiques, etc. the topic.

1. Your Resource Research and Review project must contain four (4) outside sources (not instructional material for this course), at least two of which must come from the UMUC Library data base.

2. Locate books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. You may conduct your research with the assistance of a UMUC librarian, reviewing your own personal materials on the topic, using the Internet, visiting an actual library, etc. and reviewing the available items. Then, choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.

Note: You can connect to Library Services by using the Library link under RESOURCES in the Classroom task bar, or link directly to the UMUC Library Guide to Criminal Justice Resources link in CONTENT

3. Type the reference “citation” information for the book, article, or document using the American Psychological Association (APA) formatting standards. (There are links to APA format standards under Library Services.)

4. Each reference is to be followed by the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited. Creating an annotated bibliography calls for a variety of intellectual skills: concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research.

5. Write a concise annotation (150 words) for each reference that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book, article, or document.  This must include:

a) briefly, in your own words, describe the content of the article

b) compares or contrasts the work with at least one other article in your research review

Topics

Select ONE of the following topics for all four (4) of your resources.

       (Note: Other topics may be submitted to your instructor for prior approval.)

Student‘s Last Name A or B: Police discretion

Student‘s Last Name C or D: Community corrections/intermediate sanctions 

Student‘s Last Name E or F: Police corruption (use/abuse of force, bribery, etc.)

Student‘s Last Name G, H, or I: Preventive detention and bail

Student‘s Last Name J or K: Plea bargaining tactics of the prosecutor

Student‘s Last Name L or M: Plea bargaining tactics of the defense attorney

Student‘s Last Name N, O, or P: Jury selection

Student‘s Last Name Q, R, S, or T: Issues with evidence (DNA, eyewitness testimonies, direct vs. circumstantial, etc.)

Student‘s Last Name U, V, W, X, Y or Z: Constitutionality of the death penalty or life without parole 

 

Format

The project paper should begin with an introductory paragraph and end with a concluding paragraph

Each annotation should contain approximately 150 words

Double space, 12 pt. font, 1” margins

Cover page for your assignment

· Include your name

· Course title and number

· Project title

· Topic selected

· Date of submission

 

Supportive Resources:

Support Resources

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/   https://library.bethel.edu/class/tutorials/writ-cit/1001APA_Ann_Bib_6thEd

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/

http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill28.htm

 

 

UMUC Citation tutorial:

http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_examples.cfm

 

CRJ105 Criminal Behavior – Research Paper –

 

 

Research Project Overview

The Research Project provides students an opportunity to apply what they have learned about crime and criminology during the length of the course. The overall goal of the Research Project is for students to choose a topic from the course text that interests and challenges them, analyze the topic by reviewing credible and evidence-based scholarly resources relative to the problems and challenges that exist, and apply the theories, concepts, and principles covered in the course. It is recommended that students review all of the assignments, requirements, and grading rubrics so that they know exactly what is expected of them throughout the course and for the final Research Project.

 

Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:

1.     Give a brief explanation of your chosen topical area.

2.     Based on your chosen topic, define the problems and challenges that exist in crime and criminology. Explain the historical issues that have contributed to the problems and challenges.

3.     Address the internal and external stakeholders and how they contribute to both the problems and the solutions in crime and criminology.

4.     Discuss the data and information that you have collected while conducting research on your topic. Discuss how the data relates to the problems and challenges in crime and criminology.

5.     Develop a solution that addresses the problems and challenges in crime and criminology, based on your research.

 

6.     Use at least six (6) scholarly sources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia, Ask.com, Answers.com, Freedictionary.com, and other open source Websites do not qualify as scholarly.

CRJ 322 Week 7 Case Study 3: Suicide

According to the text, there are nearly 815,000 suicides in a year in the world. The truth of the matter is that this number is probably much higher due to underreported instances of intentional death. As a result of technology, a new trend in suicide is death due to “cyberbullying.” In this case study, you will review suicide as a result of cyberbullying. 

Read the article titled “Police file raises questions about bullying in Rebecca Sedwick’s suicide, located at http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/18/living/rebecca-sedwick-bullying-suicide-follow-parents/. Next, view the legality of cyberbullying located at http://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/cyber-bullying.html

Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:

  1. Examine three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then determine whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Provide a rationale to support your position.
  2. Based on what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text, support or refute the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression”. Support your opinion.
  3. Analyze the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Next, debate whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Provide a rationale to support your response.
  4. The text states that suicide rates vary around the world. Based on the text, propose two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world. Next, give your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Justify your response.
  5. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar type Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format.

 

Case Study 3: Suicide

Criteria

 

Unacceptable

Below 60% F

Meets Minimum Expectations

60-69% D

 

Fair

70-79% C

 

Proficient

80-89% B

 

Exemplary

90-100% A

1. Examine three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then determine whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Provide a rationale to support your position.

Weight: 20%

Did not submit or incompletely examined three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then did not submit or incompletely determined whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale to support your position.

Insufficiently examined three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then insufficiently determined whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Insufficiently provided a rationale to support your position.

Partially examined three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then partially determined whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Partially provided a rationale to support your position.

Satisfactorily examined three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then satisfactorily determined whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Satisfactorily provided a rationale to support your position.

Thoroughly examined three (3) elements of cyberbullying and then thoroughly determined whether or not defendants, Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. Thoroughly provided a rationale to support your position.

2. Based on what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text, support or refute the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression”. Support your opinion.
Weight: 15%

Did not submit or incompletely supported or refuted the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression” using what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text. Did not submit or incompletely supported your opinion.

Insufficiently supported or refuted the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression” using what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text. Insufficiently supported your opinion.

 Partially supported or refuted the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression” using what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text. Partially supported your opinion.

Satisfactorily supported or refuted the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression” using what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text. Satisfactorily supported your opinion.

Thoroughly supported or refuted the following statement: “People who die by suicide are usually experiencing undiagnosed depression” using what you learned about the relationship between suicide and depression from the text. Thoroughly supported your opinion.

3. Analyze the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Next, debate whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Provide a rationale to support your response.

Weight: 25%

Did not submit or incompletely analyzed the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Did not submit or incompletely debated whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Did not submit or incompletely provided a rationale to support your response.

Insufficiently analyzed the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Insufficiently debated whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Insufficiently provided a rationale to support your response.

 Partially analyzed the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Partially debated whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Partially provided a rationale to support your response.

Satisfactorily analyzed the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Satisfactorily debated whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Satisfactorily provided a rationale to support your response.

Thoroughly analyzed the significance of why suicide is becoming a more prevalent area of interest due to the wide-use of social media. Thoroughly debated whether or not suicide will remain a focal point or receive the notoriety necessary for agencies to continue working to get support for individuals who are considering suicide. Thoroughly provided a rationale to support your response.

4. The text states that suicide rates vary around the world. Based on the text, propose two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world. Next, give your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Justify your response.

Weight: 25%

Did not submit or incompletely proposed two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world, based on the text. Did not submit or incompletely gave your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Did not submit or incompletely justified your response.

Insufficiently proposed two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world, based on the text. Insufficiently gave your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Insufficiently justified your response.

Partially proposed two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world, based on the text. Partially gave your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Partially justified your response.

Satisfactorily proposed two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world, based on the text. Satisfactorily gave your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Satisfactorily justified your response.

Thoroughly proposed two (2) possible causes for the differences around the world, based on the text. Thoroughly gave your opinion as to whether suicide should be considered a deviant behavior. Thoroughly justified your response.

5. 3 references

Weight: 5%

No references provided

Does not meet the required number of references; all references poor quality choices.

Does not meet the required number of references; some references poor quality choices.

Meets number of required references; all references high quality choices.

Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices.

6. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements

Weight: 10%

More than 8 errors present

7-8 errors present

5-6 errors present

3-4 errors present

0-2 errors present 

PAR 1103 Litigation Assignment 6

PAR 1103 Litigation

Assignment 6

10 points

 

1.      Look at the following pleadings and identify all of the affirmative defenses included in each pleading by placing “X”s in the chart below:  

 

a)      14 CV 4184, Answer of Greater Dayton RTA, filed 8/20/14

b)      14 CV 0329, Answer of Miami Valley Hospital. filed 2/4/14

c)      14 CV 1617, Answer of MG1 Properties, filed 4/14/14

d)     14 CV 1481, Answer of Robertson Family Trust, filed 4/14/14

e)      14 CV 2161, Answer of  Geico, filed 5/8/14

 

Case #

Assumption of the Risk

Immunity

Statute of Limitation

Intervening/

Superseding Cause

Failure to Mitigate

Sudden Emergency

Mechanical Failure

14CV4184

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14CV0329

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14CV1617

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14CV1481

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14CV2161

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.      Based on the facts below, prepare 4 appropriate defenses, in the form, style and language found in any one of the above filed answers, including the headings used for each defense.

 

 

On or about February 14, 2013, Plaintiff Miranda Diaz, was driving her motor vehicle in an eastbound direction on I-70 toward Columbus, on her way to a job interview in Columbus.   Miranda got a late start that morning because her 2 year old son, Marco, woke up sick and could not go to daycare, so Miranda had to find a babysitter.  She was worried about Marco, and told the sitter to text her if he got any worse. When her phone beeped with a text message, she reached for her purse from the passenger seat, but it had slid onto the floor, so she reached down to grab it.  When she looked up, the traffic in front of her had come to a complete stop, causing Miranda to slam on her brakes in order to avoid hitting the car in front of her.  Defendant Jesse Williams was operating a 15 year old truck that he recently purchased for $500.00, which needed numerous repairs.  Jesse was also traveling eastbound on I-70, directly behind Miranda, when she suddenly stopped, but when Jesse tried to stop, the brakes in his truck failed to allow a quick stop, and an accident happened when he rear-ended and collided with Miranda’s vehicle.  The police arrived quickly and Jesse was ticketed for failure to maintain an assured clear distance.  When asked by the officer, Miranda insisted she was fine, and was in a hurry to get to her interview and needed to get back on the road as quickly as possible.  The next day, Miranda experienced pain in her knee, but did not seek medical attention.  Three weeks later, after a long day of outlet shopping, Miranda’s knee pain was severe so she made a doctor appointment.  The doctor sent her to an orthopedic specialist who confirmed that she needed surgery for a condition that resulted from her body weight shifting and causing undue pressure on her knee caused by the swelling that remained from the untreated trauma to her knee.  Miranda filed suit on September 1, 2015.