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Greetings everyone!

For our second week discussion I have chosen to talk about the dermis, its functions, its layers, the papilla, and the hypodermis. Before I begin, I feel it is important to mention some interesting facts about our skin. At the beginning of chapter 6 our textbook mentions that our skin it is the largest organ of our bodies and its responsible for sensation, vitamin D synthesis, functions as a barrier against many potentially harmful substances, and it is also responsible for thermoregulation (Saladin, 2018). Therefore, in my opinion we should take good care of our skin since it is the largest barrier we have against infection.

            While I was researching for my post, I came across a very interesting journal that in my opinion was easy to read and understand. The dermis is a thick layer of connective tissue located just below the epidermis and above the subcutaneous layer (Smith, Y., 2019).  The dermis is the thickest layer of the skin and it is responsible for thermoregulation, sensation, and protection.  It is also made of fibrous and elastic tissue which provide strength and flexibility to the skin (Smith, Y., 2019).

The dermis contains collagen, elastin fibers, nerves, glands, and hair follicles. According to our text the dermis is divided into two other layers call the papillary layer and the reticular layer (Saladin, 2018).  Smith, Y. mentions that the papillary layer is the more superficial of the two layers and that it is made of loose connective tissue such as capillaries, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, and collagen (2019).  She also states that the reticular layer is deeper, thicker, and contains dense connective tissue such as blood vessels, elastic fibers (interlaced), collagen fibers (in parallel), fibroblast, mast cells, nerve endings, and lymphatics (2019).

Our text defines dermal papillae as the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis. It describes the dermal papillae as usually wavy upward waves finger like extensions of the dermis (Saladin, 2018).  Our text also talks about the Hypodermis and it describe it as a layer beneath the skin or subcutaneous tissue (Saladin, 2018).  The Hypodermis contains mostly adipose tissue and sweat glands. The adipose tissue it is responsible for production of vitamin D, and triglycerides. The subcutaneous fat also serves as an energy reservoir and thermal isolation. Children and old people have less subcutaneous fat, so they tend to be more sensitive to cold weather (Saladin, 2018).

Responses:

1. Click Reply when in a post to nest your responses under that main post. 
2. Your post must be highly organized, thorough and accurate.
3. Advance the discussion or extend discussions already taking place.
4. Responses must add new information not previously discussed. Pose new possibilities or opinions not previously voiced. Consider new factual information tied with critical thinking. Interesting and current research on the topic.
5. Do not simply summarize another student’s post and agree/disagree. Consider starting out posts with, “A research article I found said, Did you know, 3 things I found interesting were…”
6. How to Post: Click Reply when in a post to nest your responses under that main post. 

Detecting the taste (gustation) is fairly similar to detecting odor (olfaction), given that both taste and smell rely on chemical receptors being stimulated by certain molecules.The large circumvallate papillae contain up to 100 taste buds from a V near the posterior margin of the tongue.

Umami:One of the five basic tastes, the savory taste of foods such as seaweed, cured fish, aged cheese and meats.

Olfactory:Concerning the sense of smell

Receptors:A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions,

The senses of smell and taste combine at the back of the throat.When you taste something before you smell it, the smell lingers internally up to the nose causing you to smell it.Both smell and taste uses chemoreceptors, which essentially means they are both, sensing the chemical environment.This chemoreceptors in regards to taste , occurs via the presence of specialized taste receptors within the mouth that are referred , to as taste cells and are bundled together to form taste buds.These taste buds , located in papillae which are found across the tongue, are specific for the five modalities: salt, sweet sour, bitter and umami.These receptors are activated when their specific stimulus the is present and signals to the brain.

After a smell enters the nose, it travels through the cranial nerve through the olfactory bulb, which helps the brain process. smells.The olfactory bulb is part of the limbic system, the emotional center of the brain.Olfactory has a strong input into the amygdala , which process emotions.The kind of memories that it evokes are good and they are powerful.

It was this perfume my grandmother use to get from avon and if I would smell it on someone other than her all I could think about is her.

Each taste bud is made up and around 50 to 100 cells called gustatory receptor cells.When these cells are activated, they send signals to an area of the brain called insular cortex, also known as the gustatory cortex, which makes us conscious of the perception of taste.

Taste is similar to smell, say your grandmother used to use this specific season to cook fish and someone else does it the same exact way.The first thing that’s going to come to your mind when you taste the fish is your grandmother.

Post by Tanya YarritoMena

1 day agoWeek 4 Bible Discussion -Miriam’s Story

What surprised me the most in this week’s reading is that I never knew that Moses had an older sister so that was a shock to me. But surprised me the most was how can I have not heard of when she was such a strong, vital leader in the Bible. Miriam has always shown spiritual faith and has shown that she was always meant to become a prophetess she even prophesied that her mother would bring the savior of Israel to life (Moses).  Even before Moses started the rebellion against the Pharaoh when she was a midwife she also rebelled against the Pharaoh himself because she refused to obey his order to kill Hebrews’ newborn sons, Miriam was the one to even save Moses from the Nile. While reading the rest of the Exodus and reading how much Miriam was involved and  how much she played such a key role it showed me how much God loves women that he created. He didn’t create us women to just be followers and to just follow the man but when we believe in him we can prosper to such strong leadership roles. When the Israelites were finally freed from the Pharaoh no one not even God told Miriam to sing in worship but not only she did she drummed but she even told people to rejoice in God because of him and him only they are now free, Sing to the LORD, for he is highly exalted. Both horse and driver he has hurled into the sea. (Exodus 15: 21) Learning about Miriam was truly inspiring, I believe that God always specifically showed how much women can be great leaders and in the Bible from Genesis to Exodus shows how much the role of women evolve.

Post by Jennifer AfalavaLilio

1 day agoWeek 4

Miriam’s story surprises me since she is in a position that leads. Also, she is a woman during a time where men could treat women like property and she took advantage of position, she got too comfortable. Another thing that shocks me is she knows the history of her brother and assisted him from birth and played a big role in saving him as an infant, in Exodus 2:7, “…Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you” (NIV).  She loved her brother but her pride, jealousy and envy clouded her judgment. 

Miriam played a big part in leading the children of the Israel. She was a prophetess who led out in worship. Worship is a form of love and adoration, which she did towards God. In Exodus 15:21, she sang, “…Sing to the Lord for he is highly exalted. Both horse and driver he has hurled into the sea” (NIV).  Her songs were praises to God. Her love for God is felt in these words, yet she made a mistake. 

I can apply Miriam’s story by being aware of my words and actions towards others. It’s a reminder that, when I’m feeling something that is not of God (jealousy, envy, coveting, etc.), I need to regroup before I speak. Also, be cautious of what I engage in with others when it is against authority – Pastors, church leaders, management, etc., the respect should be maintained. Also, there is a time and place to address concerns but not by gossiping. God is a God of order and peace, if I’m not contributing to that, it’s best to pause, pray and ask for direction and peace.  

 

A Comparative Analysis of Tools and Technologies for Policy Making

Information technology has become a dependable and efficient tool for improving policymaking in different countries. Policymakers are slowly adapting to the technological changes that are occurring in various disciplines to enhance their tactics towards national programs. The article provides a distinct approach towards policymaking, arguing that information communication technology has enabled growth and competence in the area. Firstly, the authors identify that ICT tools include software programs developed by people and organizations (Kamateri et al. 126). They also delve into a literature analysis using identification, categorization, and comparative analysis. Results of the review reveal 11 categories of tools and technologies that people can use to design policy. These tools include visualization, argumentation, eParticipation, opinion mining, simulation, serious games, persuasive, social network analysis, big data analytics, and semantics.

            The authors apply such tools and technology using three concepts in policymaking that include core activities, the stage of the policy cycle, and the type of stakeholder. The application of each tool is vital in the realization of different outcomes. For instance, one tool provides user-friendly information, while another promotes deliberation (Head 79). Additionally, eParticipation enables the public to engage in the policymaking process. Conversely, researchers use opinion mining to evaluate the sentiments and preferences of the people regarding certain policies. They also use social network analysis to derive key actors relevant to distinct policy areas (Kamateri et al. 150). It is also possible to use big data analytics to evaluate large volumes of information for general policy formulation. Stakeholder identification is important because it determines methods for achieving effective policies. Policymakers should consider target activities and the policymaking stage while selecting ICT tools and technologies. Evidently, these approaches provide significant insight regarding the approach that policymakers can use to obtain and implement certain policies.

Question: Which is the best tool for creating policies on the attainment and distribution of water within the community?

 

Post by Leila Carlos

 Week 8 | Discussion – Algebra and the Attributes of God

I have chosen the equations and inequalities as my pair relating to the attributes of God or the concept of faith. Because in a mathematical world these two are Equations and inequalities are both mathematical sentences formed by relating two expressions to each other. In an equation the two expressions are deemed equal which is shown by the symbol =. X=Y, when X is equal to y. Also, in an equality the two expressions are not necessarily equal which is shown by the symbols: >, <, or ≤ or ≥. This equation or an inequality they contain at least one variable is called open sentence. It can substitute the variable in an open sentence with a number the resulting statement is either true or false. If the statement is true, the number is a solution to the equations or inequality. For example, if 3 a solution to 5x + 14 =24, we substitute x for 3, so, (5) (3) + 14, 15 + 14 = 29 its not equal to 24, and so, it is a false statement.With these statements I can relate to the concept of faith. There are people whose faith is not that strong, they doubt what God can do for them, and others have a strong faith which they are a strong believer that in all the things happening to them either good or bad, these are Gods plan for us. Because for me all things happen for a reason. Although, at times when a trial comes along sometimes, we asked ourselves why me!? But the truth is God has an equal plan for all of us we just don’t see that. 

 

Post by Diana Acosta

13 hours agoRe: Week 8 | Discussion – Algebra and the Attributes of God

For this discussion o chose to discuss real and imaginary numbers. Real numbers are all numbers we would normally use such as positive and negative numbers, big or small numbers, whole numbers and decimals. A real number is any value that represents a quantity. As for imaginary numbers these are numbers that when squared come out with a negative result. An imaginary number is not a real number and will not be found on the number line. Imaginary numbers are usually used in real life situations. Real numbers are similar to real numbers given that fact that they are numbers and are used in math problems.

Like a real number god represents all things that can be solved. Imaginary numbers are like scientists trying so hard to prove that god is not real. 

 

Post by Aaron Marquez

Week 8 | Discussion – Algebra and the Attributes of God

Rational numbers is described as “A rational number is any number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers (hence the name “rational”).” versus an irrational number that is described as “An irrational number is real numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers” So for example, 1.5 can be written as 3/2 or even 9/6 which are rational numbers and something like Pi would definitely be irrational since we can’t write it as a fraction which also someone might use Pi in a real world situation where its used in order to find the area and circumference of a circle. We can also say that we use rational numbers in our everyday life like when we cook and follow recipes, there’s a lot of rational numbers in cooking especially when baking. Measuring out something like flour in a measuring cup is using rational numbers. I think It’s interesting how we can sometimes multiply irrational numbers and the outcome can be a rational number. When you think about it it’s like sometimes when things don’t seem to make sense in your life and you wonder why God might be putting you through those things you will later find out that the outcome is good and though it didn’t make sense at the time or in the beginning it will surely make sense in the end because everything happens for a reason and the outcome can surely be good.